Adult Development and Aging (with InfoTrac),9780534507619

Adult Development and Aging (with InfoTrac)

by ;
Edition: 4th
ISBN13: 9780534507619
ISBN10: 0534507611
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-06-12
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

This revision of Cavanaugh's best-selling text is written within a biopsychosocial framework and covers the specific age-stages of adult development and aging. The book's currency of research and theories cited and the connections developed between research and application contribute to its excellent reputation. The book's focus on the gains and losses people experience across adulthood distinguishes it from its competitors. The new edition features a complete reworking of its organization and a thorough updating of citations, including hundreds from 1997 through the present. A new separate chapter on Social Cognition, Chapter 9 (the research area of the new co-author, Fredda Blanchard-Fields), offers expanded coverage of this exciting area.

Table of Contents

Studying Adult Development and Aging
1(29)
Perspectives on Adult Development and Aging
2(1)
The Life-Span Perspective
2(1)
Descovering Development: Myths and Stereotypes About Aging
3(3)
The Demographics of Aging
4(2)
Issues in Studying Adult Development and Aging
6(3)
The Forces of Development
7(2)
Forces in Action: Culture, Ethnicity, and Aging
9(2)
Controversies in Development
9(2)
Current Controversies: Does Personality in Young Adulthood Determine Personality in Old Age?
11(3)
The Meaning of Age
12(2)
Research Methods
14(8)
Measurement in Adult Development and Aging Research
14(1)
General Designs for Research
15(2)
Designs for Studying Development
17(4)
Conducting Research Ethically
21(1)
How Do We Know? Conflicts Between Cross-Sectional and Lognitudinal Data
22(2)
Putting It All Together
24(1)
Summary
24(2)
Review Questions
26(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
27(1)
Key Terms
27(2)
Resources
29(1)
Physical Changes
30(38)
Why Do We Age? Biological Theories of Aging
32(1)
Rate-of-Living Theories
32(1)
Cellular Theories
32(1)
Discovering Development: Why Do Most People Think We Age?
33(1)
Programmed Cell Death Theories
34(1)
Implications of the Developmental Forces
34(1)
Appearance and Mobility
34(6)
Changes in Skin, Hair, and Voice
35(1)
Changes in Body Build
36(1)
Changes in Mobility
36(3)
Psychological Implications
39(1)
Sensory Systems
40(7)
Vision
40(2)
Hearing
42(1)
Somethesia and Balance
43(3)
Taste and Smell
46(1)
How Do We Know? Improving Balance Through Tai Chi
47(1)
Vital Functions
48(4)
Cardiovascular System
49(3)
Forces in Action: Take a Deep Breath
52(1)
Respiratory System
52(1)
The Reproductive System
53(2)
Female Reproductive System
53(2)
Current Controversies: hormone Replacement Therapy
55(2)
Male Reproductive System
56(1)
Psychological Implications
56(1)
The Nervous System
57(4)
Central Nervous System
57(3)
Autonomic Nervous System
60(1)
Psychological Implications
61(1)
Putting It All Together
61(1)
Summary
62(2)
Review Questions
64(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
65(1)
Key Terms
65(1)
Resources
66(2)
Longevity, Health, and Functioning
68(38)
How Long Will We Live?
70(1)
Average and Maximum Longevity
70(1)
Discovering Development: Take The Longevity Test
71(4)
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Average Longevity
72(1)
Ethnic Differences in Average Longevity
73(1)
Gender Differences in Average Longevity
74(1)
Health and Illness
75(8)
Defining Health and Illness
75(1)
Quality of Life
76(1)
Changes in the Immune System
76(2)
Chronic and Acute Diseases
78(1)
The Role of Stress
79(4)
How Do We Know? Dealing with Stress in Key Life Roles
83(1)
Common Chronic Conditions and Their Management
84(6)
General Issues in Chronic Conditions
84(1)
Common Chronic Conditions
85(5)
Current Controversies: The Prostate Cancer Dilemma
90(2)
Managing Pain
91(1)
Pharmacology and Medication Adherence
92(3)
Patterns of Medication Use
92(1)
Developmental Changes in How Medications Work
93(1)
Medication Side Effects and Interactions
94(1)
Adherence to Medication Regimens
94(1)
Functional Health and Disability
95(5)
A Model of Disability in Late Life
95(2)
Determining Functional Health Status
97(1)
What Causes Functional Limitations and Disability in Older Adults?
98(2)
Forces in Action: Why Are Some People More at Risk for Disability?
100(1)
Putting It All Together
101(1)
Summary
101(2)
Review Questions
103(1)
Intergrating Concepts in Development
104(1)
Key Terms
104(1)
Resources
105(1)
Clinical Assessment, Mental Health, and Mental Disoders
106(40)
Mental Health and the Adult Life Course
108(3)
Defining Mental Health and Psychopathology
108(1)
A Multidimensional Life-Span Approach to Psychopathology
109(1)
Ethnicity, Aging, and Mental Health
110(1)
Developmental Issues in Assessment and Therapy
111(3)
Areas of Multidimensional Assessment
112(1)
Factors Influencing Assessment
112(2)
Forces in Action: Clinical Assessment and the Adult Life Course
114(2)
Assessment Methods
114(1)
Developmental Issues in Therapy
115(1)
The Big Three: Depression, Deligium, and Dementia
116(15)
Depression
116(7)
Delirium
123(1)
Dementia
123(8)
Current Controversies: Genetic Tests for Dementia: Difficult Choices
131(3)
How Do We Know? What's My Name? Memory Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease
134(2)
Other Mental Disorders and Concerns
136(4)
Anxiety Disorders
137(1)
Psychotic Disorders
138(1)
Substance Abuse
139(1)
Putting It All Together
140(1)
Discovering Development: What Substance Abuse Treatment Options Are Available in Your Area?
141(1)
Summary
141(2)
Review Questions
143(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
144(1)
Key Terms
144(1)
Resources
144(2)
Person-Environment Interactions and Optimal Aging
146(30)
Describing Person--Environment Interactions
148(3)
Competence and Environmental Press
148(2)
The Congruence Model
150(1)
Discovering Development: What's Your Adaptation Level?
151(2)
Stress and Coping Framework
151(1)
The Loss Continuum Concept
152(1)
Common Theoretical Themes and Everyday Competence
152(1)
Living in Long-Term Care Facilities
153(3)
Types of Long-Term Care Facilities
154(1)
Who Is Likely to Live in Nursing Homes?
155(1)
Current Controversies: Financing Long-Term Care
156(7)
Characteristics of Nursing Homes
157(2)
Can a Nursing Home Be a Home?
159(1)
Communicating with Residents
160(2)
Decision-Making Capacity and Individual Choices
162(1)
How Do We Know? How Do People Respond to Pathronizing Speech?
163(1)
Optimal Aging
164(3)
A Framework for Maintaining and Enhancing Competence
165(1)
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
166(1)
Forces in Action: Designing Health Promotion Programs That Work
167(4)
Lifestyle Factors
169(2)
Putting It All Together
171(1)
Summary
171(2)
Review Questions
173(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
174(1)
Key Terms
174(1)
Resources
175(1)
Attention and Perceptual Processing
176(32)
The Information-Processing Model
178(2)
Overview of the Model
179(1)
Sensory Memory
179(1)
Forces in Action: The Information Processing Model
180(1)
Attentional Processes
180(1)
Attention
180(7)
Selective Attention
182(3)
Divided Attention
185(1)
Sustained Attention
186(1)
Discovering Development: How Good Are Your Notes?
187(2)
Attentional Resources
187(2)
Speed of Processing
189(2)
Basic Psychomotor Speed: Reaction Time Tasks
189(1)
Processing Speed
190(1)
Current Controversies: Decline in Processing Speed: General Slowing or Process-Specific Slowing?
191(3)
What Causes Age-Related Slowing?
191(2)
Slowing Down How Much We Slow Down
193(1)
Driving and Accident Prevention
194(4)
Driving and Highway Safety as Information Processing
195(3)
How Do We Know? Evaluating the Driving Ability of Older Adults
198(2)
Home Safety and Accident Prevention
199(1)
Language Processing
200(3)
Language Comprehension and Sensory Systems
201(1)
Language Comprehension and Information Processing
202(1)
Putting It All Together
203(1)
Summary
204(1)
Review Questions
205(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
206(1)
Key Terms
206(1)
Resources
206(2)
Memory
208(44)
Information Processing Revisited
210(8)
Working Memory
211(2)
Long-Term Memory
213(2)
Remote Memory, or Autobiographical Memory
215(2)
Implicit Memory
217(1)
Sources of Age Differences in Memory
218(4)
Age Differences in Encoding and Retrieval
219(2)
The Emerging Role of Automatic Retricval
221(1)
Forces in Action: Effects on Memory Performance
222(1)
Misinformation and Memory
222(1)
Current Controversies: How Do We Explain False Memories?
223(1)
Discourse Memory
224(3)
Text-Based Levels
225(1)
Situation Models
225(1)
Text Variables
226(1)
How Do We Know? The Influence of Social Context on Memory Performance
227(1)
Text Memory and Episodic Memory
228(1)
Memory in Everyday Life
228(5)
Spatial Memory
228(2)
Memory of Activities
230(1)
Prospective Memory
231(1)
Memory of Pictures
232(1)
Self-Evaluations of Memory Abilities
233(2)
Aspects of Memory Self-Evaluations
233(1)
Age Differences in Metamemory
233(1)
The Role of Memory Self-Efficacy
234(1)
Discovering Development: How's Your Memory?
235(1)
Age Differences in Memory Monitoring
235(1)
Clinical Issues and Memory Testing
236(5)
Normal and Abnormal Memory Aging
237(1)
Memory and Mental Health
238(1)
Clinical Memory tests
238(2)
Memory, Nutrition, and Drugs
240(1)
Remediating Memory Problems
241(5)
Training Memory Skills
241(4)
Individual Difference Variables in Memory Training
245(1)
Putting It All Together
246(1)
Summary
246(3)
Review Questions
249(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
250(1)
Key Terms
250(1)
Resources
251(1)
Intelligence
252(46)
Defining Intelligence
254(3)
Intelligence in Everyday Life
254(1)
The Big Picture: A Life-Span View
255(1)
Research Approaches to Intelligence
256(1)
Forces in Action: The Mechanics and Pragmatics of Intelligence
257(1)
Discovering Development: How Do People Show Intelligence?
258(1)
Developmental Trends in Psychometric Intelligence
258(8)
Measuring Intelligence
259(1)
Age-Related Changes in Primary Abilities
260(1)
Secondary Mental Abilities
261(4)
Moderators of Intellectual Change
265(1)
Current Controversies: Problems in Detecting Lifestyle Effects on Intellectual Functioning
266(8)
Modifying Primary Abilities
271(3)
Qualitative Differences in Adults' Thinking
274(9)
Piaget's Theory
274(3)
Going Beyond Piaget: Postformal Thought
277(6)
Everday Reasources and Problem Solving
283(4)
Decision Making
284(1)
Problem Solving
285(2)
How Do We Know? The Role of Emotionality in Solving Real-Life Problems
287(5)
Expertise
288(1)
Wisdom
289(3)
Putting It All Together
292(1)
Summary
293(2)
Review Questions
295(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
295(1)
Key Terms
295(1)
Resources
296(2)
Social Cognition
298(30)
Basic Cognitive Abilities and Social Cognition
300(4)
Processing Capacity
300(1)
Impression Formation
301(2)
Knowledge Accessibility
303(1)
Social Knowledge Structures and Social Beliefs
304(6)
Stereotypes
305(4)
Implicit Social Beliefs
309(1)
Current Controversies: Are Stereotypes of Aging Associated with Lower Cognitive Performance?
310(2)
Causal Attributions
312(2)
How Do We Know? Age Differences in Adjusting Social Judgements
314(1)
Motivation and Social Processing Goals
314(3)
Emotion as a Processing Goal
315(1)
Cognitive Style as a Processing Goal
316(1)
Personal Control
317(1)
Locus of Control
317(1)
Multidimensionality of Personal Control
317(1)
Discovering Development: How Much Control Do You Have Over Your Cognitive Functioning?
318(2)
Control Strategies
318(2)
Social Situations and Social Competence
320(2)
Collaborative Cognition
320(1)
Social Context and Memory
321(1)
Forces in Action: Marriage Parteners and Collaborative Cognition
322(1)
Putting It All Together
322(1)
Summary
323(2)
Review Questions
325(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
326(1)
Key Terms
326(1)
Resources
327(1)
Personality
328(38)
Levels of Analysis and Personality Research
330(1)
Dispositional Traits Across Adulthood
330(5)
The Case for Stability: The Five-Factor Model
331(3)
Critiques of the Five-Factor Model
334(1)
Additional Longitudinal Studies of Dispositional Traits
334(1)
Current Controversies: Intraindividual Change and the Stability of Traits
335(2)
Conclusions about Dispositional Traits
336(1)
Personal Concerns and Qualitative Stages in Adulthood
337(10)
What's Different about Personal Concerns?
338(1)
Jung's Theory
338(1)
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
339(5)
Loevinger's Theory
344(2)
Theories Based on Life Transitions
346(1)
Forces in Action: The Personal Side of Stage Theories
347(2)
Conclusions about Personal Concerns
349(1)
Life Narratives, Identity, and the Self
349(2)
McAdams's Life-Story Model
350(1)
Discovering Development: Who Do You Want to Be When You Grow Up?
351(7)
Whitbourne's Identity Theory
351(2)
Self-Concept
353(1)
Possible Selves
354(3)
Religiosity and Spiritual Support
357(1)
How Do We Know? Views of Life: Well-Being and Aging
358(3)
Gender Role Identity
360(1)
Conclusions about Narratives, Identity, and the Self
361(1)
Putting It All Together
361(1)
Summary
362(2)
Review Questions
364(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
364(1)
Key Terms
364(1)
Resources
365(1)
Relationships
366(38)
Relationships Types and Issues
368(6)
Friendships
368(2)
Sibling Relationships
370(1)
Love Relationships
370(1)
Violence in Relationships
371(3)
Current Controversies: What Causes Elder Abuse?
374(1)
Lifestyles and Love Relationships
374(4)
Singlehood
375(1)
Gay Male and Lesbian Couples
375(1)
Marriage
376(2)
Discovering Development: What Keeps Married Couples Together?
378(6)
Divorce and Remarriage
380(2)
Widowhood
382(2)
Family Dynamics and the Life Course
384(2)
Family Life Cycle and Intergenerational Relationships
384(1)
The Parental Role
385(1)
Forces in Action: Influences on Parents
386(2)
How Do We Know? How Do You Think Your Children Turned Out?
388(10)
Becoming a Grandparent
390(4)
Middle-Aged Adults and Their Aging Parents
394(4)
Putting It All Together
398(1)
Summary
399(2)
Review Questions
401(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
401(1)
Key Terms
402(1)
Resources
402(2)
Work, Leisure, and Retirement
404(42)
Occupational Choice and Development
406(9)
The Meaning of Work
406(1)
The Changing Nature of Work
407(1)
Occupational Choice
408(2)
Occupational Development
410(3)
Job Satisfaction
413(2)
How Do We Know? Periodicity and Job Satisfaction
415(1)
Gender, Ethnicity, Bias, and Discrimination
416(7)
Gender Differences in Occupational Choice
416(1)
Women and Occupational Development
417(1)
Ethnicity and Occupational Development
418(1)
Bias and Discrimination
419(4)
Forces in Action: Occupational Success Is More Than Just Hard Work
423(1)
Occupational Transitions
424(2)
Retraining Workers
424(1)
Occupational Insecurity and Job Loss
425(1)
Dual-Earner Couples
426(4)
The Dependent Care Dilemma
426(2)
Juggling Multiple Roles
428(2)
Current Controversies: Division of Labor and Role Conflict in Dual-Earner Couples
430(1)
Leisure Activities
431(2)
Types of Leisure Activities
431(1)
Developmental Changes in Leisure
432(1)
Consequences of Leisure Activities
432(1)
Retirement
433(2)
What Does Being Retired Mean?
433(1)
Why Do People Retire?
434(1)
Discovering Development: Are You Retired?
435(4)
Planning for Retirement
436(1)
Adjusting to Retirement
437(1)
Interpersonal Ties
438(1)
Putting It All Together
439(1)
Summary
440(2)
Review Questions
442(1)
Integrating Concepts in Development
443(1)
Key Terms
443(1)
Resources
444(2)
Dying and Bereavement
446
Definitions and Ethical Issues
448
Sociocultural Definitions of Death
448
Legal and Medical Definitions
450
Ethical Issues
450
Current Controversies: Dying with Dignity and Assisted Suicide
453
The Price of Life-Sustaining Care
453
Thinking About Death: Personal Aspects
454
A Life Course Approach to Dying
454
Discovering Development: How Do You Describe a Life?
455
Dealing with One's Own Death
455
Death Anxiety
457
End-of-Life Issues
459
Creating a Final Scenario
459
The Hospice Option
460
Forces in Action: Deciding How You Want to Die Survivors: The Grieving Process
463
A Life-Spain View of Loss Through Death
463
Experiencing Grief
464
How Do We Know? Family Stress and Adaptation Before and After Bereavement
468
Abnormal Grief Reactions
470
Types of Loss and Grief
470
Putting It All Together
473
Summary
473
Review Questions
475
Integrating Concepts in Development
475
Key Terms
476
Resources
476
References R-1
Name Index I-1
Glossary/Subject Index I-13

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