| Preface: The Study of Governance |
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xv | |
| Introduction: Origins, 1580s--1688 |
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1 | (4) |
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Part I: Ideas on Governance and First Charters |
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5 | (13) |
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A Discourse on Western Planting, 1584 |
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6 | (3) |
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``Discovery of Guiana,'' 1596 |
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9 | (2) |
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Preface to The History of the World, 1616 |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (4) |
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18 | (9) |
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Letters Patent to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, June 11, 1578 |
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18 | (3) |
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Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, March 25, 1584 |
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21 | (6) |
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Part II: Charters and Essential Governing Documents |
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Virginia, First Settled 1607 |
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27 | (40) |
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First Charter, April 10, 1606 |
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28 | (5) |
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Instructions for the Governing of Virginia, November 20, 1606 |
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33 | (4) |
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Second Charter, May 23, 1609 |
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37 | (6) |
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Third Charter, March 11, 1612 |
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43 | (6) |
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Instructions to Governor George Yeardley, November 18, 1618 |
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49 | (6) |
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Laws Enacted by the First General Assembly, August 2--4, 1619 |
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55 | (5) |
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Constitution for the Council and Assembly of Virginia, July 24, 1621 |
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60 | (1) |
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Proclamation Settling the Affairs of Virginia, May 13, 1625 |
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60 | (2) |
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Surrender of Virginia to the Commonwealth of England, March 12, 1651 |
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62 | (2) |
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Election of Burgesses, October 1670 |
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64 | (1) |
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Appointment of Governor Thomas Culpepper, May 10, 1680 |
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65 | (2) |
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Massachusetts Bay, 1630 (Including Plymouth, 1620, and Maine, 1622) |
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67 | (42) |
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Charter of New England, November 3, 1620 |
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68 | (10) |
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Agreement Between Settlers (Mayflower Compact), November 11, 1620 |
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78 | (1) |
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Charter of New Plymouth, 1629 |
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79 | (3) |
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Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629 |
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82 | (11) |
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Organization of the Government of Massachusetts Bay, April 30, 1629 |
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93 | (2) |
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Regulation of Laws of Towns, 1636--1649 |
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95 | (1) |
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Duties and Privileges of New Plymouth, 1639--1649 |
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95 | (2) |
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Book of General Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts, 1647 |
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97 | (8) |
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Law Defining a Freeman, May 31, 1660 |
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105 | (1) |
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Instructions from King Charles II to Massachusetts, June 28, 1662 |
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106 | (1) |
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Law on Admission of Freeman, August 2, 1664 |
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107 | (1) |
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Election Law, February 4, 1679 |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (16) |
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Charter of Maryland, June 20, 1632 |
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109 | (7) |
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Act Determining Members of the General Assembly, 1638 |
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116 | (1) |
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Petition Against Lord Baltimore, April 4, 1638 |
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117 | (1) |
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Acts for Judges and Courts, 1642 |
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118 | (2) |
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Council of State Assumes Control of Maryland, March 29, 1652 |
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120 | (1) |
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Lord Proprietor Assents to Twelve Laws, July 30, 1659 |
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121 | (1) |
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Creation of Somerset County, August 22, 1666 |
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122 | (1) |
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Method of Voting for Provincial Officers of Maryland, May 12, 1670 |
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123 | (2) |
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Connecticut, 1636 (Including New Haven, 1638---Charter, 1662) |
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125 | (18) |
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 |
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125 | (3) |
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Structure of Town Government, October 10, 1639 |
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128 | (1) |
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Fundamental Agreement of New Haven, June 4, 1639 |
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129 | (3) |
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Government of New Haven, October 27, 1643 |
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132 | (2) |
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Charter of Connecticut, April 23, 1662 |
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134 | (6) |
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Method of Voting for Provincial Officers, 1670 |
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140 | (1) |
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General Laws and Liberties of Connecticut, 1672 |
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141 | (2) |
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Rhode Island, 1637 (Part of Massachusetts Bay; Separate Charter, 1663) |
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143 | (19) |
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Plantation Agreement at Providence, August 27--September 6, 1640 |
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143 | (2) |
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Government of Rhode Island, March 16--17, 1641 |
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145 | (1) |
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Patent for Providence Plantation, March 14, 1643 |
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146 | (2) |
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Acts and Orders Made at the General Court of Election, May 19--21, 1647 |
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148 | (3) |
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Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation, July 8, 1663 |
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151 | (9) |
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Royal Commission to Rhode Island, April 8, 1665 |
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160 | (1) |
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General Assembly Divided into Two Houses, March 27, 1666 |
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161 | (1) |
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New York, 1663 (Including New Jersey and Delaware) |
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162 | (20) |
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Charter of New York, March 12, 1663/1664 |
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162 | (3) |
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Duke of York's Laws, March 1, 1664 |
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165 | (4) |
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Duke's Laws Amended, March 1, 1665 |
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169 | (2) |
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Duke's Laws: Public Charges, March 1, 1665 |
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171 | (2) |
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Duke's Laws: Voters and Townships, March 1, 1665 |
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173 | (1) |
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Second Charter of New York, June 29, 1674 |
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174 | (3) |
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Charter of Liberties and Privileges, October 30, 1683 |
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177 | (3) |
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Division of New York into Shires and Counties, November 1, 1683 |
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180 | (2) |
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New Jersey (East Jersey, 1664; West Jersey, 1675; Charter, 1683) |
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182 | (21) |
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Concessions and Agreements, February 10, 1664 |
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182 | (8) |
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Order Concerning Voting Privileges in Woodbridge, October 25, 1670 |
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190 | (1) |
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Declaration of Meaning of Lords Proprietors, December 6, 1672 |
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190 | (1) |
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Charter of Fundamental Laws of West Jersey, March 3, 1676 |
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191 | (3) |
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Fundamental Agreement of West Jersey, November 25, 1681 |
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194 | (2) |
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Fundamental Constitution of East Jersey, 1683 |
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196 | (7) |
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Carolinas, 1664 (North Carolina and South Carolina, 1665) |
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203 | (37) |
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Concessions and Agreements, January 11, 1664 |
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203 | (11) |
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Charter of the Carolinas, June 30, 1665 |
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214 | (8) |
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Fundamental Constitutions of the Carolinas, March 1, 1669 |
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222 | (11) |
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Temporary Laws, June 21, 1671 |
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233 | (2) |
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Agrarian Laws: Instructions to Governor and Council of Carolina, June 10, 1672 |
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235 | (3) |
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Additions and Alterations to the Fundamental Constitutions of 1669, March 10, 1682 |
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238 | (2) |
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New Hampshire, 1679 (Settled as Early as 1623) |
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240 | (9) |
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Exeter Combination, 1639; Revoked, 1640 |
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240 | (1) |
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General Laws and Liberties, March 16, 1679 |
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241 | (2) |
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Commission to Set Up President and Council, September 18, 1679 |
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243 | (6) |
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Pennsylvania, 1680/1681 (Delaware Mentioned) |
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249 | (24) |
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Charter of Pennsylvania, February 28, 1680/1681 |
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249 | (7) |
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Frame of Government with Laws Agreed Upon in England, May 5, 1682 |
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256 | (9) |
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Frame of Government of Pennsylvania, April 2, 1683 |
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265 | (8) |
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Part III: Consolidation of Colonies and Resistance: Dominion Status, 1685--1689 |
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273 | (19) |
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Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of New England, August 29, 1643 |
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273 | (4) |
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Massachusetts Bay Argues Against Losing Charter, November 1683 |
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277 | (3) |
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Petition of Connecticut to James II, August 24, 1686 |
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280 | (2) |
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Instructions to Governor Edmund Andros Concerning Surrender of Rhode Island and Connecticut Charters, September 13, 1686 |
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282 | (1) |
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Recommendation that Connecticut Be Annexed to Dominion of New England, June 18, 1687 |
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282 | (1) |
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Quo Warranto Proceedings Against the Charters of East and West Jersey, July 7, 1685 |
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283 | (1) |
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New Jersey Proprietor Representations and Proposals, June 1687 |
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284 | (2) |
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Commission of Governor Andros as Governor of Dominion of New England (Including New York and New Jersey), April 7, 1688 |
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286 | (6) |
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Parliament of England's Response to the Glorious Revolution of 1688/89 |
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292 | (9) |
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English Bill of Rights, February 13, 1689 |
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292 | (9) |
| Introduction: The Colonial and Provincial Growth of American Governance: Developments and Defense, 1689--1776 |
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297 | (4) |
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Part IV: Governmental Developments During the Eighteenth Century |
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301 | (22) |
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Act to Regulate Elections of Burgesses, October 1705 |
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301 | (4) |
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Act Declaring Who Shall Not Hold Office, October 1705 |
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305 | (1) |
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Act Establishing the General Court, October 1705 |
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306 | (1) |
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Act of Naturalization, October 1705 |
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307 | (1) |
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Acts Establishing Ports and Towns, October 1705 |
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308 | (7) |
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Proclamation for Royal Disallowance of Assembly Acts, October 8, 1752 |
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315 | (1) |
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Act for Directing and Regulating the Elections of Burgesses |
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315 | (8) |
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323 | (20) |
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New Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1691 |
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323 | (8) |
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Queen's Instructions to Governor Dudley, April 6, 1702 |
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331 | (8) |
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Explanatory Charter for Massachusetts Bay, August 26, 1725 |
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339 | (2) |
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Act for Regulating Townships and Choice of Town Officers, January 15, 1742 |
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341 | (1) |
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Act Empowering Selectmen of Lexington to Call Town Meetings, April 27, 1757 |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (20) |
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Royal Seizure of Maryland Government, July 25, 1689 |
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343 | (4) |
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Instructions to Governor of Maryland, August 26, 1691 |
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347 | (6) |
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Manner of Summoning and Electing Delegates to the Assemblies, 1715 |
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353 | (2) |
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Act to Raise Funds to Pay Colonial Agent, Together with Letter to the Governor, May 1, 1739 |
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355 | (4) |
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Act for Advancement of Justice, November 9, 1753 |
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359 | (2) |
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Act for Speedy Publication of the Laws of this Province, November 17, 1753 |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (8) |
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Method of Electing Assistants, October 10, 1689 |
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363 | (1) |
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Powers of Governor and Council, May 12, 1698 |
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364 | (1) |
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Division of Assembly into Two Houses, October 13, 1698 |
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364 | (1) |
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Connecticut Freemen Elect Governor, December 1707 |
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365 | (1) |
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Assembly Report on the Plan of Union, October 1754 |
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365 | (4) |
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Act to Prevent Bribery and Corruption in Election of Members of General Assembly, May 1756 |
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369 | (1) |
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Assembly Asks Governor to Write to King on Stamp Act Repeal, May 1766 |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (4) |
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Petition to the King, January 30, 1689 |
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371 | (1) |
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Call to the People of Rhode Island to Assume Their Former Government, April 23, 1689 |
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372 | (1) |
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Voting for Town Officers, June 19, 1715 |
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373 | (1) |
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Act to Regulate General Elections, February 1760 |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (22) |
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Rights and Privileges of Subjects, May 13, 1691 |
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375 | (3) |
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Commission of Governor Benjamin Fletcher, March 18, 1692 |
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378 | (5) |
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Regulating Elections of Representatives to the General Assembly, May 16, 1699 |
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383 | (2) |
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Charter of the City of New York, January 5, 1730 |
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385 | (9) |
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Choice of Representation in Westchester County, June 22, 1734 |
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394 | (1) |
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Frequent Elections of Representatives to the General Assembly, December 16, 1737 |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (21) |
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Remonstrance of East Jersey, 1700 |
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397 | (2) |
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Instructions to Governor Lord Cornbury, November 16, 1702 |
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399 | (13) |
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Petition to Request a Separate Governor, March 18, 1735 |
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412 | (1) |
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Commission to Governor Francis Bernard, 1758 |
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413 | (5) |
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418 | (33) |
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Act for Determination of the General Assembly, June 20, 1694 |
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418 | (1) |
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Narrative Proceedings of the People of South Carolina, May 1719 |
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419 | (4) |
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Instructions for Governor Francis Nicholson, August 30, 1720 |
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423 | (12) |
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Acts to Ascertain Manner of Electing Members of the General Assembly, September 1721 |
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435 | (5) |
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Act to Establish County Courts, September 20, 1721 |
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440 | (8) |
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Act on Electing Members to the Commons House of Assembly, April 7, 1759 |
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448 | (3) |
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451 | (7) |
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Act for Establishing a Lasting Foundation of Government, July 1711 |
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451 | (2) |
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Act Regulating Elections to the Assembly, 1715 |
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453 | (2) |
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Address of the Assembly Concerning Repealed Laws, May 7, 1755 |
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455 | (3) |
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458 | (9) |
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Unsettled State of the Province, March 15, 1689 |
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458 | (2) |
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Commission of the Earl of Bellomont, June 18, 1689 |
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460 | (6) |
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Right to Choose a Speaker, April 11, 1728 |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (27) |
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Charter for Inhabitants of Germantown, March 30, 1691 |
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467 | (3) |
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Commission of Governor Benjamin Fletcher, October 21, 1692 |
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470 | (4) |
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Frame of Government, November 7, 1696 |
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474 | (5) |
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Charter of Privileges, October 28, 1701 |
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479 | (4) |
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Act to Regulate the Number of Members of the Assembly, 1705 |
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483 | (4) |
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Ordinance for Establishing Courts, February 22, 1706 |
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487 | (3) |
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Act to Amend the Election of Members to the Assembly, March 4, 1745 |
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490 | (4) |
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494 | (17) |
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Charter of Delaware, 1701 |
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494 | (4) |
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Charter of New Castle, May 28, 1724 |
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498 | (4) |
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Constitution of Delaware, 1776 |
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502 | (9) |
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511 | (20) |
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Charter of the Colony, June 9, 1733 |
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511 | (10) |
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Establishment of Courts, December 12, 1754 |
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521 | (3) |
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Act Establishing Method of Appointing Constables, March 27, 1759 |
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524 | (1) |
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Act to Ascertain Manner of Electing Assembly Members, June 9, 1761 |
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524 | (7) |
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Part V: Essays on Governance and Defense of Colonial Government |
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Overviews of Colonial Governance |
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531 | (23) |
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An Essay upon the Government of the English Plantations, 1701 |
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532 | (13) |
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An Essay on the Government of the Colonies, 1752 |
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545 | (9) |
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Defenses of Colonial Governance |
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554 | (61) |
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A Vindication of the British Colonies, 1765 |
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556 | (13) |
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An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies, 1766 |
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569 | (11) |
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A Summary View of the Rights of British America, 1774 |
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580 | (9) |
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Essay on the Constitutional Power of Great Britain, 1774 |
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589 | (7) |
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To South Carolina Committee, 1775 |
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596 | (4) |
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Speech Delivered in the Convention of Pennsylvania, 1775 |
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600 | (7) |
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Thoughts on Government, 1776 |
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607 | (8) |
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Part VI: Plans for Unity, Divided Colonies, and United Independence |
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Unity Proposed and Deferred |
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615 | (14) |
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Albany Plan of Union, 1754 |
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615 | (3) |
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Stephen Hopkins of Rhode Island Defends the Plan, 1754 |
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618 | (3) |
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Reasons Considered by the Assembly of Connecticut, October 2, 1754 |
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621 | (2) |
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Massachusetts Opposes the Albany Plan, December 14, 1754 |
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623 | (1) |
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A Short Reply to Stephen Hopkins by Philolethes, April 10, 1755 |
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624 | (5) |
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629 | (8) |
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Address to People of Granville County, North Carolina, June 6, 1765 |
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629 | (1) |
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North Carolina Regulators' Advertisement, August 6, 1766 |
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630 | (1) |
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Petition of Citizens of Rowan and Orange Counties, October 4, 1768 |
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630 | (1) |
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Impartial Relation of the First Rise and Cause, 1770 |
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631 | (5) |
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Address of the Mechanics of New York, June 14, 1776 |
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636 | (1) |
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Toward Independence and Unity |
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637 | (28) |
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Colonies Send Delegates to the Continental Congress, June--September 1774 |
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638 | (5) |
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Suffolk Resolves, Massachusetts, September 9, 1774 |
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643 | (3) |
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Resolution and Declaration of Rights in Continental Congress, October 1774 |
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646 | (3) |
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Mecklenburg Resolves, North Carolina, May 31, 1775 |
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649 | (2) |
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Address of North Carolina Delegates to Continental Congress, June 19, 1775 |
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651 | (3) |
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Congress Advises New Hampshire to Call Provincial Convention to Establish a Government, November 3, 1775 |
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654 | (1) |
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Congress Advises South Carolina, November 4, 1775 |
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654 | (1) |
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Instructions to Representatives of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, December 25, 1775 |
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654 | (2) |
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Congress Offers Plan to Adopt National Government, May 10, 1776 |
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656 | (1) |
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Congress Approves Preamble by John Adams, May 15, 1776 |
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656 | (1) |
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Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 |
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657 | (8) |
| Introduction: Governance in the Confederation Period, 1776--1787 |
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661 | (4) |
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Part VII: The First State Constitutions: Debates, Adoptions, and Amendments |
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New Hampshire, January 5, 1776 |
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665 | (19) |
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General John Sullivan's Plan of Government, December 11, 1775 |
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665 | (3) |
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Constitution, January 5, 1776 |
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668 | (1) |
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To the Freeholders and Inhabitants of New Hampshire, January 30, 1777 |
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669 | (1) |
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Second Constitution, Containing a Bill of Rights and Form of Government, October 31, 1783 |
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670 | (14) |
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South Carolina, March 26, 1776 |
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684 | (14) |
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Constitution, March 26, 1776 |
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684 | (5) |
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Revised Constitution, March 19, 1778 |
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689 | (9) |
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698 | (17) |
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George Mason's Plan for the State Constitution, June 10, 1776 |
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698 | (2) |
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Virginia Bill of Rights, June 12, 1776 |
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700 | (1) |
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Constitution, June 29, 1776 |
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701 | (3) |
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Bill to Remove State Government to Richmond, November 11, 1776 |
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704 | (2) |
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Bills Establishing Court of Appeals and High Court of Chancery, November 25, 1776 |
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706 | (7) |
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Revised State Laws, June 18, 1779 |
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713 | (2) |
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715 | (4) |
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Constitution, July 2, 1776 |
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715 | (4) |
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Delaware, September 11, 1776 |
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719 | (5) |
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Constitution, September 11, 1776 |
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719 | (5) |
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Pennsylvania, September 28, 1776 |
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724 | (30) |
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Proceedings of Convention, September 17--24, 1776 |
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724 | (2) |
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Constitution, September 28, 1776 |
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726 | (8) |
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Minutes of Supreme Executive Council, June 11, 1777 |
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734 | (1) |
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Attempts to Amend Constitution, December 17, 1783--August 1784 |
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735 | (19) |
|
Connecticut and Rhode Island |
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754 | (4) |
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Act to Set Up Government of Connecticut, 1776 |
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754 | (1) |
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Connecticut Delegates to Congress Must Be Elected by All Freeholders, September 1776 |
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755 | (1) |
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Connecticut Legislature Debates Western Lands, October 1783 |
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756 | (1) |
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Connecticut Act to Regulate Appointments to the Superior Court, May 1784 |
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756 | (2) |
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Maryland, November 11, 1776 |
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758 | (13) |
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Constitution, November 11, 1776 |
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758 | (13) |
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North Carolina, December 18, 1776 |
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771 | (10) |
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Letter from Samuel Johnson, April 20, 1776 |
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771 | (1) |
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Instructions to Delegates from Mecklenburg to the Provincial Congress, November 1776 |
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771 | (3) |
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Constitution, December 18, 1776 |
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774 | (7) |
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Georgia, February 5, 1777 |
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781 | (7) |
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Constitution, February 5, 1777 |
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781 | (7) |
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788 | (15) |
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Some Proceedings of the Convention, April 1777 |
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788 | (1) |
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Constitution, April 20, 1777 |
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789 | (10) |
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Letter from John Jay to Robert Livingston, April 29, 1777 |
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799 | (4) |
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803 | (19) |
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Constitution, July 8, 1777 |
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803 | (9) |
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Constitution Debated, 1786; Revised, March 1787 |
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812 | (10) |
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Massachusetts, June 16, 1780 |
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822 | (43) |
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Who May Enact a Constitution, September 17, 1776 |
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822 | (1) |
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Vote on Forming Constitution, September 27, 1776 |
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822 | (1) |
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New Salem Rejects Constitution, May 19, 1778 |
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823 | (1) |
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Essex Result, April 29, 1778 |
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824 | (13) |
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Constitution, June 16, 1780 |
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837 | (28) |
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Part VIII: The Articles of Confederation: Proposed, Debated, and Ratified |
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Drafts of the Articles of Confederation and Discussion in the Continental Congress |
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865 | (8) |
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John Dickinson Draft of the Articles, June 17--July 11, 1776 |
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866 | (2) |
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Thomas Burke of North Carolina Offers Amendments, April 27, 1777 |
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868 | (1) |
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Thomas Burke, Notes on the Proposed Articles, November 1777 |
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869 | (2) |
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Thomas Burke, Remarks Concerning the Proposed Articles, November 15, 1777 |
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871 | (2) |
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The States and Ratification of the Articles of Confederation |
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873 | (26) |
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Articles Proposed to the States, November 15, 1777 |
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873 | (6) |
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Congress Urges States to Ratify Articles, November 17, 1777 |
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879 | (1) |
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William H. Drayton of South Carolina, January 20, 1778 |
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880 | (8) |
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Connecticut Urges Revisions and Authorizes Delegates to Ratify Articles, February 1778 |
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888 | (1) |
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Rhode Island Objects to Articles, Yet Authorizes Ratification, February 1778 |
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889 | (2) |
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J.B. Smith to George Bryan, February 3, 1778 |
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891 | (1) |
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Council to Pennsylvania Delegates, April 30, 1778 |
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892 | (1) |
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Nathaniel Scudder to Speaker of New Jersey Assembly, July 13, 1778 |
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892 | (2) |
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General Assembly of Connecticut, May 7, 1779 |
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894 | (1) |
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Instructions of the General Assembly of Maryland, May 21, 1779 |
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894 | (2) |
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Theodorick Bland to Richard Henry Lee, March 5, 1781 |
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896 | (3) |
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Part IX: Continental Congress as the National Government |
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Congress at Work and Changes Made in Governance, 1776--1787 |
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899 | (24) |
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Dispute Over New York--New Hampshire Border, August 27, 1779; Congressional Resolution, September 24, 1779 |
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899 | (5) |
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Congress Discusses Executive Committee, February 1781 |
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904 | (1) |
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Plan of Supplemental Acts of Congress, August 1781 |
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|
905 | (1) |
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New York Delegates to Governor George Clinton, March 29, 1782 |
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906 | (2) |
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David Howell to Governor William Greene, July 30, 1782 |
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908 | (4) |
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Congress Attempts to Discipline David Howell, December 1782 |
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912 | (1) |
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Report by Congress on David Howell, January 14, 1783 |
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913 | (3) |
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Northwest Ordinances of 1784 and 1787 |
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916 | (5) |
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Secretary of Congress to Robert Livingston, March 1, 1786 |
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921 | (2) |
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Criticism and Defense of Congress Under the Articles |
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923 | (34) |
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Alexander Hamilton, ``The Continentalist,'' August 1781--July 1782 |
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924 | (7) |
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Unsubmitted Resolutions to Amend Articles, July 1783 |
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931 | (4) |
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Massachusetts Delegates to Governor James Bowdoin, September 3, 1783 |
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935 | (3) |
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Criticism by Richard Price, 1785 |
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|
938 | (3) |
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Proposed Amendments to the Articles of Confederation, August 7, 1786 |
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|
941 | (2) |
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Address of the Annapolis Convention, September 4, 1786 |
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|
943 | (2) |
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James Manning and Nathan Miller to the Governor of Rhode Island, September 28, 1786 |
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945 | (1) |
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The Vices of the Political System of the United States, April 1787 |
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|
946 | (5) |
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|
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On the Defects of the Confederation, May 1787 |
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951 | (2) |
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Richard Henry Lee to George Mason, May 15, 1787 |
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|
953 | (4) |
| Afterword: The Meaning of Governance in America |
|
957 | (4) |
| Essay on Sources Consulted |
|
961 | (8) |
| Index |
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969 | |
Other versions by this Author