Preface |
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iii | |
Foreword |
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v | |
About the Author |
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vii | |
CHAPTER 1 DERIVATIVE MARKETS AND INSTRUMENTS |
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1 | (24) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (6) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (2) |
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3 DERIVATIVE MARKETS: PAST AND PRESENT |
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8 | (2) |
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4 HOW BIG IS THE DERIVATIVES MARKET |
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10 | (3) |
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5 THE PURPOSES OF DERIVATIVE MARKETS |
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13 | (2) |
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6 CRITICISMS OF DERIVATIVE MARKETS |
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15 | (1) |
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7 ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF DERIVATIVE PRICING |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
CHAPTER 2 FORWARD MARKETS AND CONTRACTS |
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25 | (56) |
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26 | (2) |
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1.1 Delivery and Settlement of a Forward Contract |
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26 | (1) |
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1.2 Default Risk and Forward Contracts |
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27 | (1) |
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1.3 Termination of a Forward Contract |
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27 | (1) |
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2 THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL FORWARD MARKETS |
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28 | (2) |
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3 TYPES OF FORWARD CONTRACTS |
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30 | (7) |
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30 | (3) |
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3.2 Bond and Interest Rate Forward Contracts |
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33 | (3) |
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3.3 Currency Forward Contracts |
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36 | (1) |
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3.4 Other Types of Forward Contracts |
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37 | (1) |
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4 PRICING AND VALUATION OF FORWARD CONTRACTS |
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37 | (24) |
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4.1 Generic Pricing and Valuation of a Forward Contract |
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38 | (7) |
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4.2 Pricing and Valuation of Equity Forward Contracts |
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45 | (5) |
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4.3 Pricing and Valuation of Fixed-Income and Interest Rate Forward Contracts |
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50 | (6) |
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4.4 Pricing and Valuation of Currency Forward Contracts |
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56 | (5) |
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5 CREDIT RISK AND FORWARD CONTRACTS |
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61 | (2) |
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6 THE ROLE OF FORWARD MARKETS |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (5) |
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72 | (9) |
CHAPTER 3 FUTURES MARKETS AND CONTRACTS |
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81 | (78) |
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82 | (3) |
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1.1 A Brief History of Futures Markets |
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83 | (1) |
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1.2 Public Standardized Transactions |
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83 | (1) |
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1.3 Homogenization and Liquidity |
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84 | (1) |
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1.4 The Clearinghouse, Daily Settlement, and Performance Guarantee |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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3 THE CLEARINGHOUSE, MARGINS, AND PRICE LIMITS |
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86 | (6) |
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4 DELIVERY AND CASH SETTLEMENT |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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6 TYPES OF FUTURES CONTRACTS |
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95 | (8) |
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6.1 Short-Term Interest Rate Futures Contracts |
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97 | (2) |
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6.2 Intermediate- and Long-Term Interest Rate Futures Contracts |
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99 | (2) |
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6.3 Stock Index Futures Contracts |
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101 | (1) |
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6.4 Currency Futures Contracts |
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102 | (1) |
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7 PRICING AND VALUATION OF FUTURES CONTRACTS |
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103 | (35) |
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7.1 Generic Pricing and Valuation of a Futures Contract |
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103 | (13) |
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7.2 Pricing Interest Rate Futures |
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116 | (13) |
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7.3 Pricing Stock Index Futures |
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129 | (6) |
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7.4 Pricing Currency Futures |
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135 | (2) |
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7.5 Futures Pricing: A Recap |
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137 | (1) |
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8 THE ROLE OF FUTURES MARKETS AND EXCHANGES |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (12) |
CHAPTER 4 OPTION MARKETS AND CONTRACTS |
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159 | (110) |
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160 | (1) |
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2 BASIC DEFINITIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF OPTIONS CONTRACTS |
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161 | (3) |
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2.1 Basic Characteristics of Options |
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161 | (1) |
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2.2 Some Examples of Options |
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162 | (2) |
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2.3 The Concept of Moneyness of an Option |
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164 | (1) |
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3 THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL OPTIONS MARKETS |
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164 | (4) |
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3.1 Over-the-Counter Options Markets |
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164 | (2) |
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3.2 Exchange-Listed Options Markets |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (7) |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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4.4 Other Types of Options |
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174 | (1) |
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5 PRINCIPLES OF OPTION PRICING |
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175 | (20) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (5) |
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5.3 The Effect of a Difference in Exercise Price |
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184 | (2) |
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5.4 The Effect of a Difference in Time to Expiration |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (5) |
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5.6 American Options, Lower Bounds, and Early Exercise |
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192 | (1) |
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5.7 The Effect of Cash Flows on the Underlying Asset |
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193 | (1) |
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5.8 The Effect of Interest Rates and Volatility |
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194 | (1) |
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5.9 Option Price Sensitivities |
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194 | (1) |
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6 DISCRETE-TIME OPTION PRICING: THE BINOMIAL MODEL |
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195 | (17) |
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6.1 The One-Period Binomial Model |
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195 | (5) |
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6.2 The Two-Period Binomial Model |
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200 | (4) |
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6.3 Binomial Put Option Pricing |
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204 | (1) |
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6.4 Binomial Interest Rate Option Pricing |
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205 | (6) |
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211 | (1) |
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6.6 Extending the Binomial Model |
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211 | (1) |
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7 CONTINUOUS-TIME OPTION PRICING: THE BLACK-SCHOLES-MERTON MODEL |
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212 | (16) |
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7.1 Assumptions of the Model |
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212 | (1) |
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7.2 The Black-Scholes-Merton Formula |
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213 | (3) |
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7.3 Inputs to the Black-Scholes-Merton Model |
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216 | (8) |
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7.4 The Effect of Cash Flows on the Underlying |
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224 | (1) |
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7.5 The Critical Role of Volatility |
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225 | (3) |
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8 PRICING OPTIONS ON FORWARD AND FUTURES CONTRACTS AND AN APPLICATION TO INTEREST RATE OPTION PRICING |
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228 | (10) |
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8.1 Put-Call Parity for Options on Forwards |
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229 | (4) |
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8.2 Early Exercise of American Options on Forward and Futures Contracts |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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8.4 Application of the Black Model to Interest Rate Options |
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235 | (3) |
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9 THE ROLE OF OPTIONS MARKETS |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (6) |
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250 | (19) |
CHAPTER 5 SWAP MARKETS AND CONTRACTS |
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269 | (72) |
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270 | (2) |
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1.1 Characteristics of Swap Contracts |
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270 | (1) |
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1.2 Termination of a Swap |
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271 | (1) |
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2 THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL SWAP MARKETS |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (11) |
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274 | (4) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (4) |
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3.4 Commodity and Other Types of Swaps |
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285 | (1) |
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4 PRICING AND VALUATION OF SWAPS |
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285 | (19) |
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4.1 Equivalence of Swaps and Other Instruments |
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286 | (1) |
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4.2 Pricing and Valuation |
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287 | (17) |
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4.3 Some Concluding Comments on Swap Valuation |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (6) |
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6.1 Basic Characteristics of Swaptions |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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6.4 Pricing and Valuation of Swaptions |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (3) |
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8 THE ROLE OF SWAP MARKETS |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (4) |
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319 | (7) |
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326 | (15) |
CHAPTER 6 RISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF FORWARD AND FUTURES STRATEGIES |
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341 | (70) |
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342 | (1) |
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2 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING INTEREST RATE RISK |
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343 | (13) |
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2.1 Managing the Interest Rate Risk of a Loan Using an FRA |
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344 | (3) |
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2.2 Strategies and Aplications for Managing Bond Portfolio Risk |
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347 | (9) |
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3 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING EQUITY MARKET RISK |
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356 | (13) |
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3.1 Measuring and Managing the Risk of Equities |
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356 | (2) |
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3.2 Managing the Risk of an Equity Portfolio |
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358 | (3) |
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3.3 Creating Equity out of Cash |
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361 | (5) |
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3.4 Creating Cash out of Equity |
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366 | (3) |
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4 ASSET ALLOCATION WITH FUTURES |
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369 | (9) |
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4.1 Adjusting the Allocation among Asset Classes |
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370 | (6) |
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4.2 Pre-Investing in an Asset Class |
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376 | (2) |
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5 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK |
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378 | (7) |
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5.1 Managing the Risk of a Foreign Currency Receipt |
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379 | (1) |
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5.2 Managing the Risk of a Foreign Currency Payment |
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380 | (2) |
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5.3 Managing the Risk of a Foreign-Market Asset Portfolio |
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382 | (3) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (3) |
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392 | (6) |
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398 | (13) |
CHAPTER 7 RISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF OPTION STRATEGIES |
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411 | (94) |
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412 | (1) |
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2 OPTION STRATEGIES FOR EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
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413 | (36) |
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2.1 Standard Long and Short Positions |
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415 | (7) |
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2.2 Risk Management Strategies with Options and the Underlying |
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422 | (8) |
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430 | (10) |
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2.4 Combinations of Calls and Puts |
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440 | (9) |
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3 INTEREST RATE OPTION STRATEGIES |
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449 | (21) |
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3.1 Using Interest Rate Calls with Borrowing |
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450 | (5) |
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3.2 Using Interest Rate Puts with Lending |
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455 | (5) |
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3.3 Using an Interest Rate Cap with a Floating-Rate Loan |
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460 | (4) |
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3.4 Using an Interest Rate Floor with a Floating-Rate Loan |
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464 | (2) |
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3.5 Using an Interest Rate Collar with a Floating-Rate Loan |
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466 | (4) |
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4 OPTION PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES |
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470 | (10) |
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4.1 Delta Hedging an Option over Time |
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472 | (7) |
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4.2 Gamma and the Risk of Delta |
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479 | (1) |
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4.3 Vega and Volatility Risk |
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480 | (1) |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (4) |
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485 | (7) |
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492 | (13) |
CHAPTER 8 RISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF SWAP STRATEGIES |
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505 | (62) |
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506 | (1) |
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2 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING INTEREST RATE RISK |
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507 | (12) |
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2.1 Using Interest Rate Swaps to Convert a Floating-Rate Loan to a Fixed-Rate Loan (and Vice Versa) |
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508 | (4) |
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2.2 Using Swaps to Adjust the Duration of a Fixed-Income Portfolio |
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512 | (2) |
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2.3 Using Swaps to Create and Manage the Risk of Structured Notes |
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514 | (5) |
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3 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING EXCHANGE RATE RISK |
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519 | (8) |
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3.1 Converting a Loan in One Currency into a Loan in Another Currency |
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519 | (4) |
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3.2 Converting Foreign Cash Receipts into Domestic Currency |
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523 | (2) |
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3.3 Using Currency Swaps to Create and Manage the Risk of a Dual-Currency Bond |
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525 | (2) |
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4 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING EQUITY MARKET RISK |
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527 | (10) |
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4.1 Diversifying a Concentrated Portfolio |
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528 | (2) |
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4.2 Achieving International Diversification |
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530 | (2) |
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4.3 Changing an Asset Allocation between Stocks and Bonds |
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532 | (3) |
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4.4 Reducing Insider Exposure |
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535 | (2) |
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5 STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS USING SWAPTIONS |
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537 | (13) |
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5.1 Using an Interest Rate Swaption in Anticipation of a Future Borrowing |
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538 | (3) |
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5.2 Using an Interest Rate Swaption to Terminate a Swap |
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541 | (3) |
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5.3 Synthetically Removing (Adding) a Call Feature in Callable (Noncallable) Debt |
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544 | (6) |
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5.4 A Note on Forward Swaps |
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550 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (3) |
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554 | (5) |
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559 | (8) |
CHAPTER 9 RISK MANAGEMENT |
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567 | (57) |
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568 | (1) |
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2 THE CONCEPT OF RISK MANAGEMENT |
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569 | (5) |
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570 | (1) |
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570 | (2) |
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572 | (2) |
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574 | (14) |
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3.1 Traditional Notions of Market Risk |
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574 | (2) |
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576 | (12) |
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3.3 Improvements and Supplements to VAR |
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588 | (1) |
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588 | (16) |
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4.1 Traditional Notions of Credit Risk |
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588 | (7) |
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4.2 Techniques for Managing Credit Risk |
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595 | (4) |
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4.3 Insurance and Credit Derivatives |
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599 | (5) |
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5 OTHER RISKS FACED BY AN ORGANIZATION |
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604 | (4) |
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604 | (1) |
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605 | (1) |
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605 | (1) |
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5.4 Settlement (Herstaatt) Risk |
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606 | (1) |
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606 | (1) |
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607 | (1) |
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607 | (1) |
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607 | (1) |
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6 BEST PRACTICES IN RISK MANAGEMENT |
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608 | (4) |
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6.1 The G-30 Report: Best Practices for Derivatives Dealers and General End Users |
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609 | (1) |
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6.2 The Risk Standards Working Group Report: Best Practices for Investment Management Organizations |
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609 | (1) |
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610 | (1) |
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6.4 Risk Budgeting and Performance Evaluation |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (1) |
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612 | (4) |
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APPENDIX 9A THE GROUP OF 30 RECOMMENDATIONS ON DERIVATIVES AND RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES |
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616 | (5) |
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APPENDIX 9B RISK STANDARS WORKING GROUP RECOMMENDATIONS ON DERIVATIVES AND RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR INSITUTIONAL INVESTORS |
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621 | (3) |
PROBLEMS |
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624 | (5) |
SOLUTIONS |
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629 | (6) |
GLOSSARY |
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635 | (8) |
INDEX |
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643 | (8) |
EQUATIONS |
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651 | |