Bison Manual : Using the YACC-Compatible Parser Generator, for Version 1. 875,9781882114238

Bison Manual : Using the YACC-Compatible Parser Generator, for Version 1. 875

by ;
Edition: 8th
ISBN13: 9781882114238
ISBN10: 188211423X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-09-01
Publisher(s): Free Software Foundation
List Price: $25.00

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Table of Contents

Introduction 1(2)
Conditions for Using Bison 3(2)
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 5(8)
Preamble
5(1)
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
6(5)
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
11(2)
1 The Concepts of Bison 13(10)
1.1 Languages and Context-Free Grammars
13(2)
1.2 From Formal Rules to Bison Input
15(1)
1.3 Semantic Values
15(1)
1.4 Semantic Actions
16(1)
1.5 Writing GLR Parsers
16(3)
1.6 Locations
19(1)
1.7 Bison Output: the Parser File
20(1)
1.8 Stages in Using Bison
21(1)
1.9 The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar
21(2)
2 Examples 23(20)
2.1 Reverse Polish Notation Calculator
23(7)
2.1.1 Declarations for rpcalc
23(1)
2.1.2 Grammar Rules for rpcalc
24(2)
2.1.2.1 Explanation of input
25(1)
2.1.2.2 Explanation of lme
25(1)
2.1.2.3 Explanation of expr
26(1)
2.1.3 The rpcal c Lexical Analyzer
26(2)
2.1.4 The Controlling Function
28(1)
2.1.5 The Error Reporting Routine
28(1)
2.1.6 Running Bison to Make the Parser
28(1)
2.1.7 Compiling the Parser File
29(1)
2.2 Infix Notation Calculator: calc
30(1)
2.3 Simple Error Recovery
31(1)
2.4 Location Tracking Calculator: ltcalc
32(3)
2.4.1 Declarations for ltcalc
32(1)
2.4.2 Grammar Rules for ltcalc
33(1)
2.4.3 The ltcalc Lexical Analyzer
34(1)
2.5 Multifunction Calculator: mfcalc
35(7)
2.5.1 Declarations for mfcalc
36(1)
2.5.2 Grammar Rules for mfcalc
37(1)
2.5.3 The mfcalc Symbol Table
37(5)
2.6 Exercises
42(1)
3 Bison Grammar Files 43(22)
3.1 Outline of a Bison Grammar
43(1)
3.1.1 The Prologue
43(1)
3.1.2 The Bison Declarations Section
44(1)
3.1.3 The Grammar Rules Section
44(1)
3.1.4 The Epilogue
44(1)
3.2 Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal
44(3)
3.3 Syntax of Grammar Rules
47(1)
3.4 Recursive Rules
48(1)
3.5 Defining Language Semantics
48(5)
3.5.1 Data Types of Semantic Values
49(1)
3.5.2 More Than One Value Type
49(1)
3.5.3 Actions
49(1)
3.5.4 Data Types of Values in Actions
50(1)
3.5.5 Actions in Mid-Rule
51(2)
3.6 Tracking Locations
53(3)
3.6.1 Data Type of Locations
53(1)
3.6.2 Actions and Locations
54(1)
3.6.3 Default Action for Locations
55(1)
3.7 Bison Declarations
56(8)
3.7.1 Token Type Names
56(1)
3.7.2 Operator Precedence
57(1)
3.1.3 The Collection of Value Types
58(1)
3.7.4 Nonterminal Symbols
58(1)
3.7.5 Freeing Discarded Symbols
58(1)
3.7.6 Suppressing Conflict Warnings
59(1)
3.7.7 The Start-Symbol
60(1)
3.7.8 A Pure (Reentrant) Parser
60(1)
3.7.9 Bison Declaration Summary
61(3)
3.8 Multiple Parsers in the Same Program
64(1)
4 Parser C-Language Interface 65(8)
4.1 The Parser Function yyparse
65(1)
4.2 The Lexical Analyzer Function yylex
66(3)
4.2.1 Calling Convention for yylex
66(1)
4.2.2 Semantic Values of Tokens
67(1)
4.2.3 Textual Locations of Tokens
68(1)
4.2.4 Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers
68(1)
4.3 The Error Reporting Function yyerror
69(2)
4.4 Special Features for Use in Actions
71(2)
5 The Bison Parser Algorithm 73(12)
5.1 Look-Ahead Tokens
73(1)
5.2 Shift/Reduce Conflicts
74(1)
5.3 Operator Precedence
75
5.3.1 When Precedence is Needed
76(1)
5.3.2 Specifying Operator Precedence
76(1)
5.3.3 Precedence Examples
77(1)
5.3.4 How Precedence Works
77
5.4 Context-Dependent Precedence
71(7)
5.5 Parser States
78(1)
5.6 Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
78(2)
5.7 Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
80(2)
5.8 Generalized LR (GLR) Parsing
82(2)
5.9 Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid it
84(1)
6 Error Recovery 85
7 Handling Context-Dependencies 81(10)
7.1 Semantic Info in Token Types
87(1)
7.2 Lexical Tie-Ins
88(1)
7.3 Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery
89(2)
8 Debugging Your Parser 91(10)
8.1 Understanding Your Parser
91(6)
8.2 Tracing Your Parser
97(4)
9 Invoking Bison 101(4)
9.1 Bison Options
101(3)
9.2 Option Cross Key
104(1)
9.3 Yacc Library
104(1)
10 Frequently Asked Questions 105(4)
10.1 Parser Stack Overflow
105(1)
10.2 How Can I Reset the Parser
105(1)
10.3 Strings are Destroyed
106(1)
10.4 C++ Parsers
107(1)
10.5 Implementing Loops
107(2)
Appendix A Bison Symbols 109(6)
Appendix B Glossary 115(4)
Appendix C Copying This Manual 119(8)
C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
119(7)
C.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
126(1)
Appendix D Free Software and Free Manuals 127(2)
Index 129

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