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Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chiral Chromatography |
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1 | (28) |
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An Historical Perspective |
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1 | (2) |
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A Short Introduction to Stereochemistry |
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3 | (12) |
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7 | (1) |
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Practical Chiral Measuring Devices |
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8 | (7) |
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Configuration Specifications |
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15 | (8) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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Separation Techniques for Chiral Chemistry |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 2 Mechanism of Solute Retention |
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29 | (24) |
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30 | (4) |
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The Retention Volume of a Solute |
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34 | (5) |
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The Capacity Ratio of a Solute |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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The Thermodynamic Properties of the Distribution Coefficient |
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39 | (8) |
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The Availability of the Stationary Phase |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Molecular Interactions |
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53 | (26) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (4) |
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Dipole-Dipole Interactions |
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57 | (2) |
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Dipole-Induced-Dipole Interactions |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions |
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61 | (4) |
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Molecular Interactions in Mixed Phases |
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65 | (11) |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 The Basic Gas Chromatograph |
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79 | (28) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (5) |
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Injection Systems for Packed Columns |
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83 | (2) |
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Injection Systems for Small Diameter Capillary Columns |
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85 | (1) |
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Injection Systems for Large Bore Capillary Columns |
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86 | (2) |
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Automatic Injection Systems |
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88 | (1) |
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The Column Oven and Temperature Programmer |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (6) |
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90 | (3) |
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93 | (1) |
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Detector Sensitivity or Minimum Detectable Concentration |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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The Flame Ionization Detector |
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95 | (2) |
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The Nitrogen Phosphorous Detector (NPD) |
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97 | (1) |
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The Electron Capture Detector |
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98 | (3) |
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The Katharometer (Thermal Conductivity and Hot Wire) Detector |
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101 | (2) |
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Data Acquisition and Processing |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 GC Chiral Stationary Phases and Columns |
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107 | (34) |
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108 | (4) |
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Chiral stationary Phases for Gas Chromatography |
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112 | (11) |
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Small Molecule Stationary Phases |
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112 | (2) |
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Chiral Polysiloxane Stationary Phases |
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114 | (2) |
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Chiral Metal Chelating Stationary Phases |
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116 | (3) |
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Cyclodextrin Chiral Stationary Phases |
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119 | (4) |
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Factors Controlling Selectivity |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (5) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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Capillary Column Design and Choice |
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129 | (7) |
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Stationary Phases for the GC Separation of Chiral Substances |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Chiral Gas Chromatography Applications |
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141 | (32) |
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The Basic Principles of Chiral Selectivity |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (3) |
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Elution Reversal of Enantiomers |
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146 | (3) |
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Selectivity Characteristics of the Different Cyclodextrins |
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149 | (5) |
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The Effect of Solute Derivatization on Chiral Selectivity |
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154 | (2) |
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Chiral Separations of Essential Oils |
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156 | (9) |
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Pharmaceutical Applications of Chiral Gas Chromatography |
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165 | (4) |
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General Applications of Chiral Chromatography |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 The Basic Liquid Chromatograph |
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173 | (48) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (10) |
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The High-Pressure Mixing Solvent Programmer |
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175 | (1) |
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The Low-Pressure Mixing Solvent Programmer |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (3) |
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The Column and Column Oven |
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181 | (4) |
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Liquid Chromatography Detectors |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (8) |
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The Fixed Wavelength Detector |
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187 | (1) |
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The Multi-Wavelength Detector |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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The Electrical Conductivity Detector |
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193 | (2) |
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The Fluorescence Detector |
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195 | (2) |
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The Light Scattering Detectors |
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197 | (7) |
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The Multiple Angle Laser Light-Scattering (MALS) Detector |
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201 | (3) |
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The Refractive Index Detector |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (5) |
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Data Acquisition and Processing |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Liquid Chromatography Chiral Stationary Phases |
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221 | (44) |
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229 | (32) |
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Protein Based Stationary Phases |
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230 | (5) |
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The Pirkle Type Stationary Phases |
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235 | (4) |
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Coated Cellulose and Amylose Derivatives |
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239 | (3) |
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Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Stationary Phases |
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242 | (11) |
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Cyclodextrin Based Chiral Stationary Phases |
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253 | (8) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Preparation of LC Chiral Phases and Columns |
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265 | (26) |
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The Supporting Matrix for Chiral Stationary Phases |
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265 | (3) |
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The Preparation of Protein Stationary Phases |
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268 | (2) |
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The Preparation of the Pirkle Stationary Phases |
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270 | (3) |
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The Preparation of Cellulose and Amylose Stationary Phases |
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273 | (2) |
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The Preparation of the Macrocyclic Glycopeptides Phases |
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275 | (2) |
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The Preparation of the Cyclodextrin Based Stationary Phases |
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277 | (4) |
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Column Packing Techniques |
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281 | (8) |
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Mechanical Packing Equipment |
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286 | (1) |
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Radial Compression Packing |
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287 | (1) |
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Axial Compression Packing |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Column Temperature and Mobile Phase Composition: Their Effect on Column Length and Analysis Time |
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291 | (26) |
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An Optimization Procedure for a Chiral Separation |
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297 | (4) |
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The Experimental Determination of f(R)(X(Phi)), f(S)(X(Phi)), f(R)(T, X(Phi)) and f(S)(T, X(Phi)) |
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301 | (12) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Chiral Liquid Chromatography Applications |
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317 | (58) |
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The Protein Stationary Phases |
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318 | (9) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Epibatidine |
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321 | (1) |
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Techniques for Improving the Detection Sensitivity of the Enantiomers of a Leukotriene Antagonist |
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322 | (3) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Vamicamide Contained in Blood Serum and Urine |
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325 | (2) |
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The Pirkle Stationary Phases |
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327 | (9) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Some Amino Acids |
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327 | (2) |
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The Effect of the Chain Length of the Mobile Phase Dispersive Solvent Component on Chiral Resolution |
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329 | (2) |
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Stationary Phase Modification to Improve the Separation of Naproxen Enantiomers |
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331 | (3) |
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The Separation of the Fullerenes |
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334 | (2) |
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The Cellulose and Amylose Stationary Phases |
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336 | (11) |
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The Separation of Some Chiral Drugs on Different Cellulose Derivatives |
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339 | (3) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Propranolol, Metroprolol and Atenolol |
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342 | (2) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Two Anticonvulsants |
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344 | (3) |
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The Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Stationary Phases |
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347 | (11) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Three Racemic Substituted Pyidones |
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347 | (2) |
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Examples of the use of Vancomycin in both the Normal Phase and Reverse Phase Modes |
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349 | (5) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Ibuprofen on Vancomycin |
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354 | (1) |
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The Separation of the Isomers of Citalopram |
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355 | (2) |
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The Separation of the Isomers of 2-and 3-Bromophenylalanine |
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357 | (1) |
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The Cyclodextrin Based Stationary Phase |
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358 | (13) |
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The use of a Cyclodextrin Based Stationary Phase to Separate Blocking Agents |
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358 | (3) |
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The determination of Enantiomers in Blood Serum by Direct Injection |
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361 | (1) |
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The Use of 2-Quinoxal Chloride for Precolumn Derivatization |
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362 | (2) |
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The Separation of the Chlorophenols on Beta-Cyclodextrin Bonded Phase |
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364 | (2) |
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The Separation of Major Soybean Phospholipids on Beta-Cyclodextrin Bonded Silica |
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366 | (2) |
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The Separation of Porphyrins on a Gamma-Cyclodextrin Stationary Phase |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (2) |
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372 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Preparative Chiral Chromatography |
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375 | (38) |
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The Loading Capacity of a Column |
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376 | (3) |
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The Maximum Sample Volume |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (4) |
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385 | (3) |
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Preparative Chromatography Apparatus |
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388 | (4) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Packing Preparative Columns |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (4) |
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Alternative Preparative Techniques |
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397 | (12) |
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The Moving Bed Continuous Chromatography System |
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398 | (3) |
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The Simulated Moving Bed Preparative Chromatography System |
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401 | (4) |
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Radial Flow Chromatography |
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405 | (4) |
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The Preparative Separation of the Enantiomers of Chlorokynurenine |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Chiral Separations by Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography |
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413 | (24) |
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Capillary Electrophoresis |
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413 | (12) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
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Electro-osmotic Flow (Electro-endosmosis) |
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417 | (8) |
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425 | (8) |
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The Separation of Peptides |
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425 | (2) |
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The Separation of the Stereoisomers of a Mixture of Pseudoephedrine and Ephedrine |
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427 | (1) |
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The Effect of pH on the Separation of Duloxetine Enantiomers Using Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin Additives |
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428 | (1) |
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The Separation of the Enantiomers of Some Amino Acids with the Chiral Additive Vancomycin |
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429 | (2) |
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The Separation of Some enantiomers by Counter Current Capillary Electrophoresis |
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431 | (2) |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 An Experimental Approach to Chiral Chromatography |
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437 | (28) |
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437 | (2) |
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Chiral Gas Chromatography |
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439 | (2) |
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439 | (2) |
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The Polysiloxane Based Stationary Phases |
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441 | (2) |
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The Amino Acid-Peptide Polysiloxane Stationary Phases |
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441 | (1) |
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Peptide-Dimethylpolysiloxane Chiral Stationary Phases |
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442 | (1) |
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Peptide-Phenylpolysiloxane Chiral Stationary Phases |
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442 | (1) |
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Cyanopolysiloxane Peptide Chiral Stationary Phases |
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442 | (1) |
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The Polysiloxane-cyclodextrin Based Stationary Phases |
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443 | (3) |
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Chiral Liquid Chromatography |
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446 | (1) |
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The Protein Based Stationary Phases |
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446 | (5) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (2) |
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The Cellulose Based Stationary Phases |
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451 | (3) |
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The Pirkle Stationary Phases |
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454 | (3) |
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The Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Bonded Phases |
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457 | (3) |
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The Cyclodextrin Bonded Phases |
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460 | (5) |
Bibliography |
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465 | (32) |
The Protein Phases |
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465 | (8) |
The Pirkle Stationary Phases |
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473 | (3) |
The Cellulose and Amylose Stationary Phases |
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476 | (6) |
The Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Stationary Phases |
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482 | (1) |
The Cyclodextrin Based Stationary Phases |
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483 | (14) |
Appendix |
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497 | (2) |
Index |
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499 | |