Chlorophyll A Fluorescence

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-02-15
Publisher(s): Kluwer Academic Pub
List Price: $499.99

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Summary

This book provides a solid foundation of the basic theory, as well as of the application of the rich information contained in the chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence signal as it relates to photosynthesis and plant productivity.

Table of Contents

Editorial v
Contents xi
Preface xxi
Color Plates 1(1)
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Bit of Basics and History
1(42)
Govindjee
Summary
2(1)
Introduction
2(10)
The Two-Light Reaction and Two-Pigment System Concept
12(6)
Photosynthetic Unit and Excitation Energy Transfer
18(4)
The Fluorescence Transient
22(2)
The Photosystem II Reactions and Chlorophyll Fluorescence
24(4)
Non-photochemical Quenching of Chl Fluorescence
28(3)
Concluding Remarks
31(12)
Acknowledgments
32(1)
References
32(11)
Fluorescence of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vitro and in Vivo
43(22)
George Christos Papageorgiou
Summary
43(1)
Introduction
44(1)
Origin and Evolution of Oxyphototrophic Organisms
44(2)
Chromophores for Light Harvesting and Excitation Handling
46(4)
Intramembranous Pigment Holochromes
50(7)
Extramembranous Light Harvesting Antennae---Phycobiliproteins and Phycobilisomes
57(1)
Concluding Remarks
58(7)
Acknowledgments
58(1)
References
58(7)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Probe of Photosynthetic Productivity
65(18)
Neil R. Baker
Kevin Oxborough
Summary
66(1)
Introduction
66(1)
Fluorescence Terminology
67(1)
Fluorescence Parameters
68(3)
Relationship between the Operating Efficiencies of PS I and PS II Electron Transport
71(1)
Factors Associated with Changes in PS II Operating Efficiency
71(4)
The Relationship between PS II Operating Efficiency and the Quantum Yield of CO2 Assimilation
75(2)
Can Rates of Electron Transport and CO2 Assimilation be Calculated Accurately from PS II Operating Efficiencies?
77(1)
Concluding Remarks
78(5)
Acknowledgments
79(1)
References
79(4)
Nuts and Bolts of Excitation Energy Migration and Energy Transfer
83(24)
Robert M. Clegg
Summary
84(1)
Introduction
84(1)
Historical Background
84(3)
Why Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Is Such a Popular Method of Measurement
87(1)
FRET Basics: A Short Description
88(2)
What Can We Learn from Energy Transfer?
90(1)
Simple Portrayal of the FRET Process that Explicates the Different Ways of Measuring Energy Transfer Efficiency
91(9)
Transfer between Identical Molecules Detected by Fluorescence Anisotropy
100(1)
Models of Energy Transfer through Photosynthesis Antennae Systems
100(1)
Energy Transfer by Electron Exchange
101(1)
Assumption of Non-coherent Mechanisms. Cooling Off to the Equilibrium Position of the Nuclei Positions
102(1)
Cascade Mechanism of Transfer---Emission and Reabsorption of a Photon
102(5)
Acknowledgments
102(1)
References
102(5)
Transfer and Trapping of Excitations in Plant Photosystems
107(26)
Rienk van Grondelle
Bas Gobets
Summary
107(1)
Introduction
108(4)
Transfer and Trapping of Excitations in Photosystem (PS) I
112(6)
Transfer and Trapping of Excitations in PS II
118(9)
Concluding Remarks
127(6)
Note Added in Proof
127(1)
References
128(5)
System Analysis and Photoelectrochemical Control of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Terms of Trapping Models of Photosystem II: A Challenging View
133(40)
Wim J. Vredenberg
Summary
134(1)
Introduction
134(3)
The `Classic' Two-state Trapping Model Of Photosystem II
137(11)
Photoelectrochemical Control of PS II Chlorophyll Fluorescence
148(5)
A Three-state Energy Trapping Model of Photosystem II
153(10)
Concluding Remarks, Controversies and Perspectives
163(10)
Acknowledgments
168(1)
References
168(5)
Photon Capture, Exciton Migration and Trapping and Fluorescence Emission in Cyanobacteria and Red Algae
173(24)
Mamoru Mimuro
Summary
174(1)
Introduction
174(1)
Antenna Systems in Cyanobacteria and Red Algae
175(8)
Excitation Energy Transfer and Trapping
183(5)
Energy Transfer Mechanisms
188(1)
Diversity of Pigments and Antenna Systems in Cyanobacteria
189(2)
Concluding Remarks
191(6)
Acknowledgments
191(1)
References
192(5)
Photosystem II: Oxygen Evolution and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Induced by Multiple Flashes
197(34)
Vladimir Shinkarev
Summary
198(1)
Introduction to Photosystem II
199(1)
Biochemical Organization of Photosystem II
199(5)
Electron Transport
204(4)
The Kok Model for the Flash-induced Oxygen Evolution
208(5)
Binary Oscillations of the Plastosemiquinone on the Acceptor Side of Photosystem II
213(1)
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence
214(9)
Conclusions
223(8)
Acknowledgments
224(1)
References
225(6)
Fluorescence of Photosystem I
231(20)
Shigeru Itoh
Kana Sugiura
Summary
231(1)
Introduction
232(2)
Fluorescence of Photosystem I in Vivo
234(4)
Fluorescence in Isolated Photosystem I Reaction Centers
238(3)
Fluorescence in the Chlorophyll-depleted Reaction Center of Photosystem I
241(3)
Photosystem I with Chlorophylls Other than Chlorophyll a
244(2)
Concluding Remarks
246(5)
Acknowledgments
247(1)
References
247(4)
The Relationship between Photosynthetic Electron Transfer and its Regulation
251(28)
David M. Kramer
Thomas J. Avenson
Atsuko Kanazawa
Jeffrey A. Cruz
Boris Ivanov
Gerald E. Edwards
Summary
252(1)
Introduction
252(1)
A `Static' Model for Photosynthesis and Down-regulation
253(2)
Possible Mechanisms of Short-term Variation in Down-regulatory Sensitivity
255(15)
Conclusions and Working Model
270(9)
Note Added in Proof
270(1)
Acknowledgments
271(1)
References
271(8)
Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) Fluorometry and Saturation Pulse Method: An Overview
279(42)
Ulrich Schreiber
Summary
280(1)
Introduction
280(2)
Principle of Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation
282(2)
Information Carried by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Yield
284(3)
Saturation Pulse Method of Quenching Analysis
287(7)
Assessment of Quantum Yield and Relative Electron Transport Rate
294(3)
Intrinsic Heterogeneity of Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence
297(9)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Fluorometry for Special Applications
306(15)
Acknowledgments
312(1)
References
312(9)
Analysis of the Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transient
321(42)
Reto J. Strasser
Merope Tsimilli-Michael
Alaka Srivastava
Summary
322(1)
Introduction
323(2)
Theoretical Background
325(10)
Fluorescence Transients in the Presence of Diuron at Room Temperature
335(2)
Fluorescence Transients at Low Temperature (77K)
337(2)
Polyphasic Fluorescence Transients in Vivo
339(17)
Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
356(7)
Acknowledgments
358(1)
References
358(5)
Light Emission as a Probe of Charge Separation and Recombination in the Photosynthetic Apparatus: Relation of Prompt Fluorescence to Delayed Light Emission and Thermoluminescence
363(26)
Esa Tyystjarvi
Imre Vass
Summary
364(1)
Introduction
364(1)
Thermodynamics of Reaction Kinetics
364(8)
Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence
372(2)
Delayed Light Emission (DLE) from Photosynthetic Systems
374(5)
Thermoluminescence (TL)
379(2)
Concluding Remarks
381(8)
Acknowledgments
382(1)
References
382(7)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging of Leaves and Fruits
389(20)
Ladislav Nedbal
John Whitmarsh
Summary
390(1)
Introduction
390(4)
Imaging Technology and Techniques
394(7)
Sources of Heterogeneity in Fluorescence Images
401(2)
Future Applications
403(6)
Acknowledgments
404(1)
References
404(5)
Using Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Imaging to Monitor Photosynthetic Performance
409(20)
Kevin Oxborough
Summary
410(1)
Introduction
410(2)
Theoretical Background
412(1)
Technical issues
412(7)
High Resolution Examples
419(3)
Low Resolution Examples
422(3)
The Immediate Future and Concluding Remarks
425(4)
Acknowledgments
427(1)
References
427(2)
Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Instrumentation and Analysis
429(18)
Ismael Moya
Zoran G. Cerovic
Summary
429(1)
Introduction
430(1)
Ground Based Measurements
431(9)
Long Distance Fluorosensing
440(3)
Concluding Remarks
443(4)
Acknowledgments
443(1)
References
443(4)
Probing the Mechanism of State Transitions in Oxygenic Photosynthesis by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Kinetics and Imaging
447(16)
John F. Allen
Conrad W. Mullineaux
Summary
447(1)
Introduction to State Transitions
448(3)
Studying State Transitions using Continuous Measurements of Fluorescence
451(1)
Studying State Transitions using Picosecond Fluorescence Kinetics
452(3)
Using Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) to Study Protein Mobility
455(2)
Screening for State Transition Mutants
457(1)
Concluding Remarks
458(5)
Acknowledgments
460(1)
References
460(3)
Non-photochemical Energy Dissipation Determined by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching: Characterization and Function
463(34)
G. Heinrich Krause
Peter Jahns
Summary
464(1)
Introduction
464(1)
Definition of Quenching Parameters
465(2)
Characterization and Mechanisms of Non-photochemical Quenching
467(14)
Function of Thermal Energy Dissipation
481(4)
Conclusions
485(12)
Acknowledgments
485(1)
References
485(12)
Excess Light Stress: Multiple Dissipative Processes of Excess Excitation
497(28)
Doug Bruce
Sergej Vasil'ev
Summary
498(1)
Introduction
498(2)
Origins, Measurements and Interpretations of Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence
500(9)
Fluorescence Quenching, Multiple Mechanisms for the Dissipation of Energy
509(9)
Concluding Remarks
518(7)
Acknowledgments
519(1)
References
519(6)
Using Mutants to Understand Light Stress Acclimation in Plants
525(30)
Talila Golan
Xiao-Ping Li
Patricia Muller-Moule
Krishna K. Niyogi
Summary
526(1)
Introduction
526(1)
Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Light Stress
527(4)
Genetic Methods to Study Abiotic Stress
531(7)
Insights into Light Stress Acclimation
538(8)
Genomics and the Future
546(9)
Acknowledgments
547(1)
References
547(8)
Excess Light Stress: Probing Excitation Dissipation Mechanisms through Global Analysis of Time- and Wavelength-Resolved Chlorophyll a Fluorescence
555(28)
Adam M. Gilmore
Summary
556(1)
Introduction
556(4)
Time- and Wavelength-Resolved Fluorescence Instrumentation
560(4)
Overview of Global Analysis
564(5)
Applications of Global Statistical Analysis
569(8)
Conclusions and Future Research
577(6)
Acknowledgments
578(1)
References
578(5)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Tool to Monitor Plant Response to the Environment
583(22)
William W. Adams III
Barbara Demmig-Adams
Summary
584(1)
Introduction
584(1)
Regulation of Excitation Energy Transfer within Photosystem II Complexes
585(7)
Photoinhibition, Zeaxanthin Retention, and Sustained Decreases in Fv/Fm
592(3)
Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess Photosynthetic Performance
595(2)
Strategies of Adjustment to Excess Light: Light Harvesting Capacity, Photosynthetic Electron Flow, and Excitation Energy Transfer Efficiency
597(1)
Concluding Remarks: What Chlorophyll Fluorescence Can and Cannot Reveal about Stress in Plants
598(7)
Acknowledgments
599(1)
References
599(6)
Plant Responses to Ultraviolet Radiation Stress
605(18)
Manfred Tevini
Summary
605(1)
Introduction: Ozone Reduction and UV Radiation Stress
606(1)
General Responses to UV Radiation
607(2)
Responses in Photosynthesis
609(5)
Photosynthesis Under Ecological Conditions
614(1)
Conclusions
615(8)
Acknowledgments
615(1)
References
615(8)
Effects of Water Stress on the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Plants
623(14)
Nikolai G Bukhov
Robert Carpentier
Summary
623(1)
Introduction
624(1)
Water Deficit in Desiccation-tolerant or Poikilohydric Lower Plants
624(2)
Water Deficit in Desiccation-tolerant Vascular Plants
626(1)
Water Deficit in Desiccation-sensitive Higher Plants
627(4)
Photosystem II Function in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Species under Drought Conditions
631(1)
Conclusions
632(5)
References
632(5)
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence as a Probe of Heavy Metal Ion Toxicity in Plants
637(26)
Manoj K. Joshi
Prasanna Mohanty
Summary
637(1)
Introduction
638(1)
Dynamics of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Changes and Their Relationship to the Structure-Function of Photosynthetic Membranes
639(2)
Role of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Imaging in Detection/Understanding of Metal Ion Stress
641(1)
Commonality in Metal Ion Action
642(2)
Amelioration of Metal Ion Action by Other Metal Ions
644(1)
Action of Selected Heavy Metal Ions on Plants
645(7)
Conclusions and Perspectives
652(11)
Acknowledgments
652(1)
References
652(11)
Water and Solute Transport in Cyanobacteria as Probed by Chlorophyll Fluorescence
663(16)
George C. Papageorgiou
Kostas Stamatakis
Summary
663(1)
Introduction
664(1)
Light-induced and Osmotically-induced Changes of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Cyanobacteria
664(5)
Applications
669(5)
Do Osmotically-induced Changes in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and State Transitions Share a Common Mechanism in Cyanobacteria?
674(1)
Conclusions
675(4)
Acknowledgments
675(1)
References
675(4)
Assembly of Light-Harvesting Complexes of Photosystem II and the Role of Chlorophyll b
679(34)
J. Kenneth Hoober
Joan H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou
Summary
680(1)
Introduction
680(3)
Biological Context for Considering LHC II Assembly
683(7)
The Role of Chlorophyll (Chl) b
690(8)
Identification of Chls within Native and Reconstituted LHC II
698(15)
Note Added in Proof
703(1)
Acknowledgment
704(1)
References
704(9)
Light Adaptation and Senescence of the Photosynthetic Apparatus. Changes in Pigment Composition, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Photosynthetic Activity
713(24)
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Fatbardha Babani
Summary
713(1)
Introduction: Occurrence and Function of Photosynthetic Pigments
714(2)
Light Adaptation of Pigment Composition and Chloroplast Function
716(5)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters as Indicators of Photosynthetic Function
721(3)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Pigment Changes During Autumnal Senescence
724(6)
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging of Photosynthetic Activity
730(3)
Conclusions
733(4)
Acknowledgments
733(1)
References
734(3)
From Leaves to Ecosystems: Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess Photosynthesis and Plant Function in Ecological Studies
737(20)
Jeannine Cavender-Bares
Fakhri A. Bazzaz
Summary
737(1)
The Role of Photosynthesis in Ecological Research
738(1)
Definition and Explanation of Fluorescence Parameters
739(2)
Detecting Stress in Plants at the Leaf and Whole Plant Level
741(6)
Measuring Productivity at the Ecosystem Level
747(3)
Scaling from the Bottom Up --- The Role of Species Composition in Ecosystem Dynamics
750(2)
Concluding Remarks
752(5)
Acknowledgments
752(1)
References
752(5)
Development and Application of Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence Techniques in Marine Ecosystems
757(22)
Paul G. Falkowski
Michal Koblizek
Maxim Gorbunov
Zbigniew Kolber
Summary
757(1)
Introduction
758(4)
Fluorescence-based Estimation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport
762(2)
The Functional Absorption Cross Section of Photosystem (PS) II
764(2)
Measuring Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Marine Environment
766(2)
Variations in the Maximum Quantum Yield of Fluorescence in Marine Environments
768(3)
Fluorescence-based Estimates of Primary Production
771(2)
Applications of Variable Fluorescence in Benthic Ecosystems
773(1)
Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs
774(2)
Concluding Remarks
776(3)
Acknowledgments
776(1)
References
776(3)
Plant Productivity of Inland Waters
779(16)
John A. Raven
Stephen C. Maberly
Summary
780(1)
Introduction
780(1)
The Habitat
781(4)
The Organisms
785(2)
Primary Production and Biomass
787(4)
Conclusions and Future Prospects
791(4)
Acknowledgments
791(1)
References
791(4)
Index 795

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