Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
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1 | (324) |
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Grammatical Terms and Translations |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Source and Text Abbreviations |
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6 | (2) |
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Translations of Ranks and Titles |
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8 | (3) |
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Basic Grammatical Terms and Concepts |
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11 | (7) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Autonomous and Dependent Forms |
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12 | (1) |
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Inflected and Noninflected Forms |
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13 | (1) |
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Inflected Autonomous Words |
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14 | (1) |
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Inflected Dependent Forms |
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14 | (1) |
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Noninflected Dependent Forms |
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15 | (1) |
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Noninflected Autonomous Words |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Orthography and Pronunciation |
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18 | (6) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Pronouncing Historical kana |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (13) |
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24 | (2) |
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The Mizenkei, or Imperfective Form |
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24 | (1) |
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The Ren'yokei, or Continuative Form |
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24 | (1) |
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The Shushikei, or Final Form |
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25 | (1) |
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The Rentaikei, or Attributive Form |
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25 | (1) |
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The Izenkei, or Perfective Form |
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25 | (1) |
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The Meireikei, or Imperative Form |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (11) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (13) |
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37 | (9) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (2) |
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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs |
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50 | (14) |
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50 | (7) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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Adjectives Ending in shiku |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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The Mizenkei of Adjectives plus wa (ha) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Summary of Adjectival Inflections |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (5) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (2) |
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The Rentaikei Attributive Modifier |
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62 | (1) |
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The Ren' yokei Continuative Modifier |
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62 | (1) |
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Sound Changes in Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs |
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63 | (1) |
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Negative and Recollective Auxiliary Verbs |
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64 | (12) |
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64 | (4) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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Auxiliary Verbs ki and keri |
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68 | (8) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (2) |
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Distinguishing Between ki and keri |
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73 | (3) |
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Perfective and Continuative Auxiliary Verbs |
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76 | (12) |
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Auxiliary Verbs nu and tsu |
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77 | (5) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (3) |
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Resultative-Continuative Auxiliary Verbs tari and ri |
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82 | (6) |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (6) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (3) |
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Auxiliary Verbs of Speculation and Supposition |
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94 | (29) |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (5) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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Summary of the Basic Functions of Speculative Auxiliary Verbs |
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121 | (2) |
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Negative Speculative, Desiderative, and Comparative Auxiliary Verbs |
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123 | (17) |
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Negative Speculative Auxiliary Verbs ji and maji |
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123 | (7) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (5) |
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Desiderative Auxiliary Verbs tashi and mahoshi |
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130 | (4) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (6) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (4) |
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Passive-Causative Auxiliary Verbs |
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140 | (15) |
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140 | (7) |
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147 | (4) |
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Summary of Auxiliary Verbs |
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151 | (4) |
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Part II Noninflected Forms |
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155 | (23) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (3) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (4) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (23) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (4) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Conjunctive Particle te plus Supplementary Verb |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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mono-o, mono-kara, mono-no, mono-yue |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (20) |
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201 | (4) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (2) |
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mo at the End of a Sentence |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (4) |
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zo at the End of a Sentence |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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ya (yawa) as Final Particle |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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ka (kawa) at the End of a Sentence |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (4) |
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A Bound Ending Without a Bound Particle |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (17) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (2) |
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Note on Adverbial Particles Versus Adverbs |
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237 | (1) |
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Final and Interjectory Particles |
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238 | (17) |
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238 | (12) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (4) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Bound Particles at the Ends of Sentences |
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254 | (1) |
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Nouns, Pronouns, Adverbs, Interjections, Conjunctions, and Attributive Words |
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255 | (16) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (4) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (5) |
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271 | (16) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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Honorific Supplementary Verbs |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (12) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Honorific Auxiliary Verbs |
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285 | (2) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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Humble and Polite Expressions |
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287 | (21) |
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287 | (11) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Mixing Honorific and Humble Forms |
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298 | (1) |
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Summary of Key Honorific and Humble Verbs |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (8) |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (3) |
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308 | (17) |
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308 | (5) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (6) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (4) |
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Appendix 1. Review of the Six Inflections |
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325 | (14) |
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The Mizenkei, or Imperfective Form |
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325 | (2) |
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The Ren'yokei, or Continuative Form |
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327 | (4) |
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The Shushikei, or Final Form |
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331 | (1) |
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The Rentaikei, or Attributive Form |
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332 | (4) |
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The Izenkei, or Perfective Form |
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336 | (2) |
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The Meireikei, or Imperative Form |
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338 | (1) |
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Appendix 2. Overview of Sound Changes |
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339 | (9) |
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339 | (2) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Nouns, Adverbs, and the Like |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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Verbs Followed by Auxiliary Verbs |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Unmarked Nasalized Sound Changes |
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345 | (3) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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Appendix 3. Prefixes and Suffixes |
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348 | (9) |
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Adjective and Verb Prefixes |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (5) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Appendix 4. Supplementary Verbs |
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357 | (7) |
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357 | (2) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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Honorific Supplementary Verbs |
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360 | (1) |
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Humble Supplementary Verbs |
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360 | (1) |
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Polite Supplementary Verbs |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (3) |
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Appendix 5. Rhetorical Techniques in Japanese Poetry |
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364 | (7) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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Appendix 6. Easily Confused Elements |
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371 | (16) |
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Appendix 7. Auxiliary Verb Combinations |
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387 | (14) |
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387 | (3) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (4) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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Combinations with Resultative-Continuative tari |
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394 | (2) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Combinations with Hearsay nari |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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Combinations with Copular nari |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (2) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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Appendix 8. Conjugational Shifts |
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401 | (10) |
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The Disappearance of Conjugation Types |
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401 | (4) |
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The Growth of the Rentaikei Form |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (5) |
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411 | (84) |
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Tables of Grammatical Forms |
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495 | (20) |
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Table 1. Verb Conjugations |
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495 | (1) |
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Table 2. Adjectives and Adjectival Verb Forms |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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Table 4. Auxiliary Verb Conjugations |
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498 | (2) |
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Table 5. Auxiliary Verb Types and Functions |
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500 | (1) |
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Table 6. Auxiliary Verb Connections |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (8) |
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Table 8. Main Functions of Inflected Forms |
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510 | (5) |
Index |
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515 | |