The Clinical Interpretation of MMPI-2: A Content Cluster Approach

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Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-02-25
Publisher(s): Routledge
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Summary

In a managed care era, the MMPI-2 is becoming an overloaded workhorse, required to generate more and more of the assessments that a battery of instruments once did. Though all now rely on the MMPI-2 for good reasons, and the MMPI has fallen out of use entirely, some important and clinically useful scales were lost in the transition. Edward Gotts and Thomas Knudsen have recovered these scales and integrated them with all the standard MMPI-2 scales, the recently published Restructured Clinical Scales, and a number of scales they have constructed to assess positive strengths and coping abilities, and response consistency-inconsistency. This book lays out their new Content Cluster interpretive approach. Drawing on data from a large psychiatric inpatient sample, they present item composition, reliability, and validity information for each recovered and new scale, and convincingly demonstrate that their new Content Cluster approach results in improved prediction and interpretive power. They also show how to conjoin Rorschach and MMPI-2 results in more effective assessment strategies, and how to tie MMPI-2 results to specific DSM-IV criteria. The Clinical Interpretation of the MMPI-2: A Content Cluster Approachoffers psychologists essential new tools for clinical and personality assessment.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
Guide to Scale Names Referenced in Text xvii
A Content Cluster Approach to MMPI-2 Interpretation
1(3)
Previewing Upcoming Chapters and Appendices
3(1)
Assessing the Quality of the Test Record: The Validity and Response Style Scales
4(18)
Traditional Validity Measures
5(5)
Newer Validity Measures of Overreporting
10(2)
Response Consistency-Inconsistency
12(3)
Revival of Older Validity Measures
15(4)
A New Approach: Response Consistency Pairs (RConPr)
19(1)
The Validity Story in Review
20(2)
Status of the Basic Scales
22(15)
Problems with the Clinical Scales
23(1)
Restructured Clinical Scales
24(2)
Basic Scales Reviewed
26(7)
Scale 1---Hypochondriasis (Hs)
26(1)
Scale 2---Depression (D)
27(1)
Scale 3---Hysteria (Hy)
27(1)
Scale 4---Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
28(1)
Scale 5---Masculinity--Femininity (Mf)
29(1)
Scale 6---Paranoia (Pa)
30(1)
Scale 7---Psychasthenia (Pt)
30(1)
Scale 8---Schizophrenia (Sc)
31(1)
Scale 9---Hypomania (Ma)
32(1)
Scale 0---Social Introversion (Si)
33(1)
Codetypes
33(2)
Sample of 2-Point Codetypes
34(1)
Sample of 3-Point Codetypes
34(1)
Conclusions
35(2)
Comparing of RC and Clinical Scales
35(2)
Synopsis of the Special Scales: Sources and Interpretation
37(30)
Harris and Lingoes Subscales
38(3)
Wiggins Content Scales
41(8)
MMPI-2 Content Scales
49(1)
Tryon, Stein, and Chu Cluster Scales
50(2)
Indiana Rational Scales
52(3)
Scales Developed During Current Research Program
55(1)
Other Valuable Special Scales
56(10)
Additional Scales
66(1)
Overview and Results of a Clinical Research Program
67(12)
Patient Population
68(1)
Creating a Clinical Database
68(11)
Transforming the Database
70(4)
Coding Diagnoses
74(2)
Demographic Influences on Response Consistency
76(3)
Renewing the Old: Scale Recoveries and Losses
79(23)
Dynamics of the Item Analysis
79(1)
Appraising Available Scales
80(1)
Scales Found to Be Unreliable
80(2)
Validity Adjustments: The AdjAll Variable
82(1)
Updating the Indiana Rational Scales
83(3)
A New Dependency Scale (Depnd)
86(1)
Toward Assessing Sexuality/Intimacy Failure (Sexual)
87(1)
Validating Scale Combinations
88(5)
Recovering the Paraphilia/Pedophilia Scale (PE)
93(3)
Updating the Indiana Personality Disorder (PDO) Scales
96(5)
Review and Preview
101(1)
New Developments for MMPI-2
102(31)
Critical Inquiry Procedure and Related Scales
102(4)
Psychosocial Development Scales
106(12)
Differentiating Components of Impulsivity
118(3)
Response Consistency Measures
121(6)
Exploring TRIN's Composition
127(3)
Formation of the Content Clusters
130(2)
Review and Preview of Upcoming Chapters
132(1)
The DSM and Axis I Conditions
133(20)
Engaging the Psychosocial Crises
133(10)
Feels Cared for/Loved vs. Neglected/Disliked
134(2)
Autonomous/Self-Possessed vs. Self-Doubting/Shamed
136(2)
Initiating/Pursuing vs. Regretful/Guilt-Prone
138(2)
Industrious/Capable vs. Inadequate/Inferior
140(1)
Life-Goal Oriented/Ego Identity Secure vs. Directionless/Confused
141(1)
Socially Committed/Involved vs. Disengaged/Lonely
142(1)
Psychosocial Scales, Content Clusters, and Axis I Conditions
143(6)
Studying DSM Axis I Linkages
143(2)
Analyses of Presence vs. Absence of Difficulties
145(3)
Analyses of Differing Psychosocial Difficulty Levels
148(1)
Conclusions
149(3)
Preview of Chapter 9
152(1)
Clusters, Personality Traits, and Disorders
153(16)
Social Maladjustment and Social Anxiety Cluster
153(2)
Social Vulnerability and Alienation
155(1)
Anger, Hostility, Suspicion, Cynicism, Resentment
155(1)
Virtue and Morality
156(1)
Behavior Controls and Norms Violations
156(1)
Gender and Sexuality
157(1)
Self-Esteem
158(1)
Dependency-Dominance
158(1)
Family Relationship Issues
159(1)
DSM-Linked Personality Disorders (PDOs)
160(8)
Mixed PDOs
160(1)
Antisocial (Anti) PDO
160(1)
Paranoid (Prnd) PDO
161(1)
Narcissistic (Narc) PDO
161(1)
Histrionic (Hist) PDO
162(1)
Borderline (Bord) PDO
162(1)
Passive-Aggressive (Paag) PDO
163(1)
Dependent (Dpnd) PDO
163(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive (Obcp) PDO
164(1)
Avoidant (Avdt) PDO
164(1)
Schizotypal (Sczy) PDO
165(1)
Schizoid (Sczd) PDO
166(2)
Looking Ahead
168(1)
Prognosis and Risk Assessment Scales
169(12)
Evaluating the Control (Cn) Scale
170(1)
Cutoffs for Other Core Prognosis Scales
170(1)
Combining L--F--K and Core Scales
171(1)
Prognosis Scales and Psychosocial Modalities
172(2)
L--F--K: A Miniature Profile
174(1)
Rapport: Social Anxiety, Authority Problems, Suspicion
175(2)
Risk Assessment
177(3)
Conclusions and Advice
180(1)
Conjoint MMPI-2 and Rorschach Interpretation
181(11)
An Era of Assessment Advances
181(2)
Case Presentations
183(7)
Joanna
183(3)
Transition Between Cases
186(1)
Patrick
186(4)
Reflections on Case Studies
190(1)
Reasonable Noncorrelations
190(1)
Implications for Chapter 12
191(1)
Interpreting the Individual MMPI-2 Record
192(25)
Context
192(1)
Assessing the Validity of the Record
193(2)
Response Completeness and Consistency
193(1)
Self-Enhancement, Defensiveness
194(1)
Self-Derogation, Discouragement
194(1)
Coping Attributes
195(1)
Psychosocial Development Scales
195(1)
Other Scales for Coping Attributes
196(1)
MMPI-2 Interpretive Search Strategies
196(1)
Axis I and Allied Conditions
197(9)
Affective and Arousal Disorders
197(6)
Thought Processing Disorders
203(1)
Cognitive Disorders
204(1)
Substance Abuse and Dependence
204(1)
Somatoform Disorders
205(1)
Axis II and Allied Conditions
206(9)
Social Maladjustment, Introversion, Alienation
206(1)
Anger, Hostility, Suspicion, Cynicism, Resentment
206(1)
Virtue and Morality
207(1)
Behavior Controls and Norms Violations
207(1)
Gender and Sexuality
208(1)
Self-Esteem
209(1)
Dependency-Dominance
209(1)
Family Relationships
209(1)
DSM Personality Disorders
209(6)
Conclusions
215(2)
Appendix A: Special Scales
217(14)
Notations for Composition of Special Scales
217(1)
Composition of Scales After Item Analyses and Edits
218(13)
Appendix B: Contemporary Psychometric Properties of Scales and Methods for Estimating Standard Deviations
231(8)
Derivations for Approximating Contemporary Norms
235(4)
Appendix C: Critical Inquiry
239(7)
Administration Procedures
239(2)
Critical Inquiry Worksheet
241(3)
Guide to Critical Inquiry Codes
244(2)
Appendix D: Inpatient Diagnostic Group Means
246(5)
Appendix E: Psychogenic Rage
251(4)
The DSM and Anger Regulation
251(1)
The Psychogenic Rage State
251(1)
Organic Conditions Resembling Rage
252(1)
An MMPI-2 Scale for Rage
252(3)
References 255(12)
Author Index 267(6)
Subject Index 273

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