Introduction 1
About This Book 1
Foolish Assumptions 2
Icons Used in This Book 2
Beyond the Book 3
Where to Go from Here 3
Part 1: Understanding Cloud Concepts 5
Chapter 1: Understanding the Cloud 7
Looking at the Ecosystem of Cloud Computing 8
Understanding Cloud Concepts 8
The public cloud 9
The private cloud 10
The hybrid and multicloud model 10
Cloud Computing Elements: Resource Pools/Cloud Models
and Services 11
Cloud delivery models 13
The computing resources life cycle 14
Understanding Self-Service Provisioning and Elasticity 15
Establishing a Dynamic Life Cycle across Workloads and Data 16
Management Services 17
The Changing Role of the Data Center 17
Evolution of the data center into a private cloud 18
Seeing how the public cloud fits 19
Knowing when the private cloud shines 20
Chapter 2: Embracing the Business Imperative 21
Understanding IT Transformation 22
Escaping the IT Legacy Trap 22
Preparing for the Cloud 23
Building for Innovation 24
The Business Imperatives 25
Optimizing Your Existing Business 26
Modern Development and Deployment Strategies 27
Revisiting Your Business Model 28
Transforming the Business Model 29
Part 2: Examining Architectural Considerations 31
Chapter 3: Architectural Considerations for the Cloud Environment 33
Rethinking the Type of Constituents Your Cloud Serves 34
Putting the Pieces Together 35
Planning for Deployment 36
Latency: Performance matters 37
Security: Planning in context 39
Governance: Getting the right balance 39
Managing colocation 39
Creating flexibility in the model 40
Setting the Right Policies and Business Rules 40
Navigating the Choices in a Hybrid World 41
Optimizing for Workloads 41
Supporting a Dynamic Life Cycle 42
Chapter 4: Managing a Hybrid and Multicloud Environment 43
What Are You Managing? 44
Managing SaaS Applications 44
Optimizing SaaS Management 46
Managing External Cloud Resources 47
Visibility and control of external resources 47
The importance of self-service 49
Service level agreements (SLAs) 49
Addressing Poor Cloud and Computing Behaviors 50
Managing Internal Cloud Resources 51
Managing a hybrid cloud environment 52
Understanding the role of internal SLAs 52
Managing Internal Services 53
Supporting cloud customers 53
Monitoring internal and external systems 53
Constructing dashboards 56
Managing External Services 56
DevOps and deployment to public clouds 57
External system monitoring 57
Application and service life cycles 57
The Future of Multicloud Management 58
Chapter 5: Standards in a Multicloud World 59
What Are Standards? 59
Evolution of Standards 60
Categories of Cloud-Related Standards 61
Interoperability 62
Portability 64
Security 65
Organizations Building Momentum around Standards 66
Cloud Security Alliance 66
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) 67
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 68
Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC) 68
The Open Group 69
Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) 69
Vertical groups 70
The Impact of Standards on the Multicloud 70
Chapter 6: A Closer Look at Cloud Services 73
The Importance of Modularity 74
Discovering Why Services Matter in the Cloud 74
Explaining Microservices 75
The imperative to manage microservices 76
Containers 77
Kubernetes 78
Cataloging services 80
Defining Cloud Native Applications 80
Moving from virtual machines to cloud native 81
Creating innovation 82
Differentiating cloud native applications 82
Communicating Using APIs 83
Setting the Stage for Cloud-Enabled Applications 84
Part 3: Understanding Cloud Models 87
Chapter 7: Introducing All Types of Clouds 89
Understanding Public Clouds 89
Commercial public clouds 90
Open social community clouds 92
Open technical community clouds 94
Government clouds 94
Looking at Private Clouds 95
Privately owned and managed clouds 95
Appliances based on public cloud offerings 96
Commercial private cloud 97
Exploring Hybrid Clouds 97
Understanding the Continuum of the Cloud 98
Selecting Multicloud for Choice, Efficiency, and Performance 99
Thinking about the Integration Imperative 101
Types of integration 102
Responsibility for integrations 103
Integration at the service level 103
Integration at the data level 104
Integration at the application level 105
Chapter 8: Using Infrastructure as a Service 107
Understanding IaaS 107
Exploring the Key Components of Public Cloud IaaS 109
The hardware architecture of public clouds 110
Virtualization 111
Elastic resources and services 113
Self-service provisioning 114
Service level agreements (SLA) 115
Metering, billing, and licensing 115
Costs 117
Getting to Know Prominent IaaS Cloud Providers 118
Discovering the Key Components of Private Cloud IaaS 119
Using IaaS in Multicloud 120
Chapter 9: Using Software as a Service 121
Understanding the Characteristics of SaaS 122
Multi-tenancy and its benefits 123
The need for cloud native SaaS 126
Understanding SaaS Economics 127
Figuring Out How SaaS Fits into the Multicloud World 128
Using SaaS as a Platform 130
Discovering who builds applications on SaaS platforms 130
Developing on a SaaS vendor’s platform 131
Looking at examples of SaaS platforms 132
Chapter 10: Standing on Platform as a Service 135
Discovering the Business Value of PaaS 135
Identifying the Characteristics of Platform as a Service 136
Managing the Software Development and Deployment
Life Cycle 138
Managing an Agile Development Environment 139
Defining the Next Generation of Middleware in the Cloud 141
Exploring Types of PaaS Platforms 141
Public PaaS 142
Private PaaS 143
Open PaaS 144
Reaping the Business Benefits of PaaS 144
Part 4: Managing in a Multicloud World 147
Chapter 11: Planning for DevOps in the Cloud 149
Entering a New Era of DevOps 149
The importance of agile development 150
Transforming security 150
Examining Changes for DevOps in the Cloud 151
Discovering the Value of Demand-Driven Applications 152
Examining the Role of CI/CD in Agile Development 153
Continuous integration 153
Continuous testing 153
Continuous delivery 154
Continuous deployment 154
Exploring the Role of Opinionated Continuous Delivery 154
Understanding the Challenges to CI/CD Adoption 155
Continuous Delivery and the Importance of a DevOps Culture 155
The Challenge of CI/CD in the Cloud Era 156
Clouds, Containers, and Microservices 157
Defining Cloud Native Applications 157
Achieving Resilience 158
Discovering Reusable Services 159
Moving from VMs to Cloud Native 159
Open-Source Cloud Native Applications 159
Differentiating Cloud Native Applications 160
The Foundation of Microservices 161
The Imperative to Manage Microservices 162
The Value of the Container Model 162
The Role of APIs 162
Chapter 12: Managing Multicloud Workloads 165
What is a Workload? 166
All workloads aren’t the same 166
Workloads not suited for the cloud 168
Resource abstraction and workloads 169
Workload Management 170
Workload Complexities in the Multicloud Environment 172
Operationalized workloads 172
APIs: Keys to cloud resources 173
Workload Portability 175
Chapter 13: Managing Data Storage in the Cloud 177
Understanding Cloud Storage Fundamentals 178
Cloud storage access protocols 178
Delivery options for cloud storage 181
Functions of cloud storage 182
Benefits of cloud storage 182
Deploying Hybrid Cloud Storage 183
Interfaces 183
Security 183
Reliability 184
Business continuity 184
Reporting and chargeback 184
Management 184
Performance/latency 184
Data and network speed 185
Planning for Cloud Growth and Change 186
Understanding your data 186
Devising a growth strategy 186
Choosing a provider 187
Part 5: Developing Your Cloud Strategy 189
Chapter 14: Managing and Integrating Data in the Cloud 191
Ensuring Trustworthy Data 191
Controlling customer data privacy 192
Assessing cloud data risks 192
Securing data in the cloud 193
Integrating Data across Environments 196
Three integration scenarios 196
Options for cloud data integration 198
Managing Big Data in the Cloud 200
Master data management 200
Big data characteristics 200
Supporting an Analytics Strategy 201
Big data analytics 202
Other cloud analytics 203
Talking to Providers about Data Control 203
Chapter 15: Promoting Cloud Security and Governance 207
Exploring the Risks of Operating in the Cloud 208
Cloud provider risks 210
End-user risks 212
Developing a Secure Hybrid Environment 212
Assessing your current state 213
Assessing your cloud vendor 213
Digging deeper into identity management 216
Understanding data protection options 217
Sharing security responsibility with your cloud provider 218
Creating a Cloud Governance Strategy 219
Understanding governance risks 220
Implementing a governance strategy 221
Making governance work 222
Measuring and monitoring governance performance 222
Chapter 16: Breaking Down Cloud Economics 225
Balancing Costs with Requirements 225
Striking the Right Balance of Environments for a Hybrid Cloud 226
Reaping the Economic Benefit of the Cloud 228
Filling the need for capacity 229
Selecting a SaaS for common applications 231
Selecting a massively scaled application 232
When it’s not black and white 233
Understanding the Economics of the Data Center 234
Evaluating Costs in the Hybrid Environment 236
Chapter 17: Planning Your Cloud Strategy 241
At the Beginning: The Move to the Cloud 242
Starting the Plan 242
Stage 1: Assess your current IT strategy 243
Stage 2: Imagine the future 244
Stage 3: Explore what’s out there 244
Stage 4: Create a hybrid cloud strategy plan 245
Stage 5: Plan for implementation 245
Stages of Strategy Planning: An Overview 246
Focusing the Plan on Providing Services to Your Constituents 247
Cloud service consumer services 247
Comprehensive cloud provider services 247
Cloud service creation services 248
Supporting a Successful Customer Experience 248
Supporting innovation 248
Defining the optimal customer experience 249
Optimizing for workloads 249
Supporting a Dynamic Life Cycle 249
Abstracting Complexity in the Cloud 250
Balancing Costs and Benefits 250
Defining the purpose of your cloud services 250
Taking a holistic approach 251
Part 6: The Part of Tens 253
Chapter 18: Ten Cloud Resources 255
Standards Organizations 255
Consortiums and Councils 256
Open-Source Offerings 257
The Cloud Security Alliance 258
The Cloud Storage Initiative 258
Vendor Sites 258
Cloud Computing Conferences 258
CIO.gov 259
Open Data Center Alliance 259
Chapter 19: Ten Cloud Do’s and Don’ts 261
Do Plan for Cloud Native 261
Do Plan for Data Consistency and Manageability 262
Do Decide and Plan for Cloud Services 262
Do Have a Service Management Plan 263
Do Plan for Portability 263
Do Plan for Security 264
Do Execute on an Overall Hybrid Cloud Plan 264
Don’t Rely on only a Single Vendor 264
Don’t Over-Invest in Licenses 265
Don’t Overlook the Need to Manage Infrastructure 265
Don’t Leave Your Data Center Alone 266
Don’t Ignore the Service Level Agreement 266
Do Move Forward and Don’t Look Back 266
Glossary 267
Index 281
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