Digital Cinematography

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Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2001-04-17
Publisher(s): Routledge
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Summary

High end digital cinematography can truly challenge the film camera in many of the technical, artistic and emotional aspects of what we think of as 'cinematography'. This book is a guide for practising and aspiring cinematographers and DOPs to digital cinematography essentials - from how to use the cameras to the rapidly emerging world of High Definition cinematography and 24p technology. This book covers the 'on-the-set' knowledge you need to know - its emphasis lies in practical application, rather than descriptions of technologies, so that in this book you will find usable 'tools' and information to help you get the job done. From 'getting the look' to lighting styles and ratios, what is needed for different types of shoots and the technical preparation required, this is a complete reference to the knowledge and skills required to shoot high end digital films. The book also features a guide to the Sony DVW in-camera menus - showing how to set them up and how they work - a device to save you time and frustration on set. Paul Wheeler is a renowned cinematographer/director of photography and trainer, he runs courses on Digital Cinematography at the National Film & Television School and has lectured on the Royal College of Art's MA course and at The London International Film School. He has been twice nominated by BAFTA for a Best Cinematography award and also twice been the winner of the INDIE award for Best Digital Cinematography. THE first step-by-step guide to high end digital camerawork Keep up to date with the very latest technology A practical 'on-the-set' guide that helps you get your job done

Table of Contents

Preface xi
About the author xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction xvii
PART ONE Digital Cinematography 1(6)
Why digital cinematography?
3(4)
Introduction
3(1)
Exposure meters
4(1)
Tonal range
4(1)
Exposure control
4(1)
Image stability
4(1)
Greater perceived detail
5(1)
Repeatability
5(1)
Portability
5(2)
PART TWO The Director of Photography's Craft 7(26)
Creating a look
9(3)
Decide what you want
9(1)
Sharp or soft
9(1)
Cold or warm
10(1)
Saturation and desaturation
10(1)
Skin tone control
10(1)
The film look
11(1)
Lighting
12(3)
Useful styles
12(1)
Soft lighting
12(1)
Hard lighting
13(1)
Coloured sources
13(2)
Lighting ratios
15(5)
Defining a lighting ratio
15(1)
Visualizing lighting ratios
15(1)
Different lighting ratios for film and television
16(1)
Using lighting ratios on the set
17(1)
Controlling the whole scene
18(1)
The effect of not recording the whole scene
18(2)
Colour temperature
20(7)
What is colour temperature?
20(1)
Filters and Mired shift values
21(2)
The colour temperature meter
23(1)
Location sources
24(1)
Correcting lamps
25(2)
Filters
27(6)
Camera filters
27(4)
Matching shots
31(1)
Enhancing filter
31(1)
Fluorescent light correction
31(1)
Polar screens
31(1)
Old filter factors
32(1)
The pan glass
32(1)
PART THREE The Shoot 33(46)
Examples of Shoots
35(13)
Drama
35(9)
Documentary
44(4)
Crewing
48(5)
For fiction
48(2)
For factual
50(3)
The Director of Photography's preparation
53(13)
The recces
53(1)
Preparing for a shoot
54(1)
The technical schedule
55(1)
The camera equipment list
55(4)
The lighting equipment list
59(7)
Technical preparation for a shoot
66(13)
Technical checks
66(1)
Camera checks - record/playback
67(1)
Lens checks
67(3)
Time code
70(1)
Accessories
70(1)
Matte boxes
71(1)
Follow focus devices
71(1)
Viewfinders
72(1)
Monitors
72(7)
PART FOUR The Technology 79(28)
The camera
81(11)
The television image
81(1)
Additive colour imagery
81(1)
Resolution
82(2)
The digital camera
84(1)
The camera head
84(2)
The image sensors
86(2)
The sensor chip
88(1)
The image signal
89(1)
The internal circuitry
90(2)
The video cassette recorder
92(3)
The VCR
92(1)
Helical scan
92(2)
Mechanical considerations
94(1)
The scanning drum
94(1)
The drum lacing mechanism
94(1)
A jammed mechanism
94(1)
White and black balance
95(3)
White balance?
95(1)
What is white balance?
95(1)
White balance using a white card
96(1)
White balance using a coloured card
96(1)
White balance under fluorescent lighting
97(1)
The inner filter wheel
97(1)
Black balance
97(1)
Time code and user bits
98(4)
User bits
98(1)
Time code
98(1)
Record run time code
98(1)
Free run time code
99(1)
Synchronising using external time code generators
99(1)
Time of day time code
99(1)
Setting time code
99(1)
Resetting time code after removing a tape
100(1)
Synchronizing using a cable
101(1)
Delivery systems
102(5)
Television
102(1)
Projection
103(1)
Transfer to film
104(3)
PART FIVE High-definition Digital Cinematography 107(8)
High definition
109(6)
High-definition image capture
109(1)
The Sony HDCAM
109(1)
The Sony HDW-F500 digital recorder
110(1)
Inputting 24p into non-linear editing
111(1)
Panavision digital cinematography
111(1)
Panavision high-definition lenses
111(1)
Depth of field
112(1)
Camera control cards
112(1)
Digi Beta/HDCAM familiarity
112(1)
The camera menus
112(1)
Projection
112(1)
But what does it actually look like?
113(1)
HDCAM - a replacement for 35 mm?
113(1)
Conclusions
113(2)
PART SIX The Sony DVW In-camera Menus 115(68)
The Sony DVW camera menus
117(5)
The set-up card
117(1)
Reading data from a set-up card
117(2)
Film gamma cards
119(1)
The menu pages
119(1)
Making adjustments
119(1)
Rate of change
120(1)
The user menu
120(1)
Fathers and grandfathers
121(1)
Different software - the quick reference lists
121(1)
The Sony DVW 700 menus - quick reference list
122(3)
The Sony DVW 700 menus
125(23)
Set-up card
125(1)
Function 1/2
126(1)
Function 2/2
126(1)
Test out
127(1)
Widescreen
127(1)
Level 1/9 16:9
128(2)
Level 1/9 4:3
130(1)
Level 2/9
130(2)
Level 3/9
132(2)
Level 4/9
134(1)
Level 5/9
134(1)
Level 6/9
135(1)
Level 7/9
135(1)
Level 8/9
135(1)
Level 9/9
136(1)
Others
137(1)
D/A gain
137(1)
Mean select 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3
137(1)
Auto shading
138(1)
DCC adjust
138(1)
Operation mode
139(1)
SG adjust measure mode
140(1)
Data reset
140(1)
LED select
140(1)
Marker 1/2
141(1)
Marker 2/2
142(1)
VF display
143(2)
Master gain
145(1)
Camera ID
145(1)
Shutter speed
146(1)
Clearscan
147(1)
!LED
147(1)
The Sony DVW 790 menus - quick reference list
148(4)
The Sony DVW 790 menus
152(31)
Set-up card
153(1)
Function 1/2
154(1)
Function 2/2
155(2)
Widescreen
157(1)
VF setting
158(1)
Level 1 16:9
159(2)
Level 2 16:9
161(1)
Level 1 4:3 and Level 2 4:3
161(1)
Level 3
161(1)
Level 4
162(2)
Level 5
164(1)
Level 6
164(1)
Level 7
164(1)
Level 8
165(1)
Level 9
166(1)
Level 10
167(1)
Level 11
168(1)
Level 12
168(1)
DCC adjust
169(1)
Offset white
169(1)
Preset white
170(1)
Operation 1
171(1)
Operation 2
172(1)
SG adjust
173(1)
Enc. adjust
173(1)
Data reset
173(1)
Menu select pages 1-5
173(2)
Marker 1/3
175(1)
Marker 2/3
175(1)
Marker 3/3
176(1)
VF display 1/2
176(1)
VF display 2/2
177(2)
Master gain
179(1)
Shot ID
179(1)
Shot display
179(1)
Shutter speed
180(1)
!LED
181(2)
Index 183

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