Driveline Systems of Ground Vehicles: Theory and Design
by Andreev; Alexandr F.Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-01-29
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary
Now that vehicles with four and more driving wheels are firmly ensconced in the consumer market, they must provide energy/fuel-saving benefits and improved operational quality including terrain mobility, traction and velocity properties, turnability, and stability of motion. A first-of-its-kind resource, Driveline Systems of Ground Vehicles: Theory and Design presents a comprehensive and analytical treatment of driveline research, design, and tests based on energy efficiency, vehicle dynamics, and operational properties requirements.
Table of Contents
| Series Preface | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxi |
| Authors | p. xxiii |
| List of Symbols | p. xxv |
| Driveline Systems and Vehicle Performance | p. 1 |
| Brief Review of Driveline Systems History | p. 1 |
| First Wheeled Carriages | p. 1 |
| First Differential Transmissions | p. 4 |
| First Hybrid Cars and All-Wheel Drive Vehicles | p. 7 |
| Front-Wheel Drive Designs | p. 7 |
| First Mechanical Four-Wheel Drives | p. 8 |
| Invention of Pneumatic Tires and Design Measures for Improving the Poor-Terrain Mobility of Vehicles | p. 9 |
| Constant-Velocity Joints | p. 12 |
| All-Wheel and Multiwheel Drive Trucks and Passenger Cars | p. 14 |
| Power Dividing Units | p. 28 |
| Classification of Driveline Systems and Power Dividing Units | p. 33 |
| Wheel Dynamics and Energy Efficiency | p. 56 |
| Five Power-Loading Modes | p. 56 |
| Kinematic and Force Factors | p. 61 |
| Effective Rolling Radius and Slip Ratio | p. 61 |
| Wheel Force and Torque Factors | p. 66 |
| Wheel Power and Force Balance | p. 70 |
| Motion with a Slip Angle | p. 75 |
| Interaction between Longitudinal and Lateral Forces | p. 75 |
| Wheel Kinematic and Force Factors under Sideslip | p. 77 |
| Vehicle Energy/Fuel Efficiency and Driveline Systems Design | p. 80 |
| Mechanical Power Losses in Driveline Systems | p. 82 |
| Mechanical Power Losses in Wheel Systems | p. 86 |
| Tractive Operating Mode | p. 86 |
| Transportation Operating Mode | p. 90 |
| Combined Operating Mode | p. 94 |
| Fuel Efficiency of Multiwheel Drive Vehicles | p. 96 |
| Vehicle Performance and Driveline Systems Design | p. 101 |
| Traction and Velocity Properties of Vehicles | p. 103 |
| Mobility of Vehicles | p. 106 |
| Turnability | p. 107 |
| Stability of Motion | p. 110 |
| Handling of the Vehicle | p. 112 |
| Principles of Driveline System Design | p. 114 |
| Interwheel and Interaxle Open and Lockable Differentials | p. 119 |
| Kinematics and Dynamics of Differentials: The Gear-Ratio Concept | p. 119 |
| Kinematics of a Vehicle with an Interaxle Differential | p. 132 |
| Vehicle with Front-Steered Wheels | p. 132 |
| Vehicle with Front- and Rear-Steered Wheels | p. 137 |
| Tooth Forces in Bevel-Gear Differentials | p. 139 |
| Axial Forces in a Pinion-Side Gear Mesh | p. 139 |
| Total Axial Forces in Bevel Differentials | p. 146 |
| Force Evaluation: A Method for Practical Use | p. 153 |
| Experimental Results | p. 157 |
| Conclusion | p. 159 |
| Robustness of Differentials | p. 161 |
| Design of Axle/Interwheel Differentials | p. 168 |
| General Engineering Issues and Solutions | p. 168 |
| Design of Differential Geometry | p. 185 |
| Highway Heavy-Duty Trucks | p. 189 |
| Articulated Timber Carriers | p. 191 |
| Farm Tractors | p. 195 |
| Oil Lubrication Systems | p. 202 |
| Design of Interaxle Differentials and Transfer Cases | p. 209 |
| General Engineering Issues and Solutions | p. 209 |
| Design of Differential Geometry | p. 219 |
| Oil Lubrication Systems | p. 227 |
| Lubrication Systems for Interaxle Differentials of Driving Tandems | p. 227 |
| Lubrication Systems for Transfer Cases | p. 233 |
| Designing Locking Devices | p. 238 |
| Wheel Power Distribution and Vehicle Performance | p. 249 |
| Generalized Vehicle Parameters and Energy/Fuel Efficiency | p. 249 |
| Vehicle Tractive and Velocity Properties | p. 264 |
| Vehicle Turnability and Stability of Motion | p. 268 |
| Optimal and Reasonable Differential Gear Ratios: Control Principles | p. 274 |
| Automatic and Manual Positively Engaged Power-Dividing Units | p. 289 |
| Designs of Power-Dividing Units | p. 289 |
| Kinematic Discrepancy and Generalized Vehicle Parameters | p. 301 |
| Vehicles with 4 × 4 Wheel Formula | p. 301 |
| Vehicles with 2m × 2n Wheel Formula | p. 305 |
| Vehicles with 2m × 2n Wheel Formula in Rectilinear Motion | p. 306 |
| Vehicles with 2m × 2n Wheel Formula with Steered Wheels in Curvilinear Motion | p. 309 |
| Articulated 2m × 2n Vehicles with Steered Wheels | p. 312 |
| The Interwheel Positive Engagement | p. 317 |
| Wheel Slips and Circumferential Wheel Forces | p. 318 |
| 4 × 4 Vehicles | p. 319 |
| 2m × 2n Vehicles | p. 326 |
| Wheel Power Distributions and Vehicle Energy/Fuel Efficiency | p. 330 |
| Mechanical Power Losses in Wheel Systems | p. 330 |
| Mechanical Power Losses in Driveline Systems | p. 338 |
| Combined Power Losses in Driveline and Wheel Systems-Fuel Consumption | p. 343 |
| Wheel Power Distribution and Vehicle Performance | p. 355 |
| Vehicle Tractive and Velocity Operational Properties | p. 355 |
| Vehicle Turnability and Stability of Motion | p. 358 |
| Optimal and Reasonable Kinematic Discrepancy: Control Principles | p. 368 |
| Limited Slip Differentials | p. 379 |
| Torque Biasing and Locking Performance | p. 379 |
| Disk Differentials without Additional Lockers | p. 385 |
| Disk Differentials with Cam Lockers | p. 391 |
| Disk Differentials with V-Lockers | p. 399 |
| Worm-Gear Differentials | p. 405 |
| Cam-Plunger Differentials | p. 413 |
| Torque Sensitive Differentials | p. 418 |
| Speed Sensitive Differentials | p. 432 |
| Force Fluctuations in Disk Differentials | p. 435 |
| Tractive Performance and Yaw Moment of a Drive Axle | p. 443 |
| Asymmetrical Interaxle Differentials | p. 448 |
| Free-Rurming Differentials and Viscous Clutches | p. 453 |
| Design and Operating Principles of Free-Running Differentials | p. 453 |
| Applications of Free-Running Differentials | p. 463 |
| Viscous Clutches: Operation and Design Aspects | p. 466 |
| Combined Automated Mechanical Driveline Systems | p. 475 |
| Vehicle Operational Properties | p. 475 |
| Vehicles with Steered Wheels | p. 475 |
| Articulated Vehicles with Steered Wheels | p. 486 |
| A Method of Synthesizing Driveline Systems with Optimal Properties | p. 492 |
| Objective Function Analysis | p. 496 |
| Synthesis of the Properties of Interwheel Power-Dividing Units | p. 510 |
| Synthesis of Properties of Interaxle Power-Dividing Units | p. 519 |
| Synthesis of Properties of Interwheel and Interaxle Power-Dividing Units | p. 531 |
| The Mathematical Model of a Vehicle | p. 531 |
| Optimal Properties | p. 539 |
| Mechatronic Driveline Systems | p. 555 |
| Simple, Combined, and Integrated Driveline Systems-A Brief Overview | p. 555 |
| Inverse Wheel Dynamics and Control | p. 560 |
| Proactive Assessment of Terrain Conditions | p. 568 |
| Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Subsystems | p. 574 |
| The Open Differential | p. 577 |
| Double Differentials | p. 580 |
| The Open Differential with Three-Link Planetary Rows | p. 587 |
| Single-Row Planetary Mechanism with Mating Pinions | p. 591 |
| Design of Simple and Combined Driveline Systems | p. 596 |
| Design of Integrated Driveline Systems | p. 605 |
| Optimal Power Distribution and Features of the System | p. 606 |
| Synthesis and Implementation of a Parallel Control Algorithm | p. 620 |
| Logical Control Languages | p. 620 |
| The Logical Control Algorithm | p. 621 |
| Hybrid Driveline Systems | p. 626 |
| Advanced Hybrid-Hydraulic Driveline Systems | p. 626 |
| Design Selection of the Kind and Standard Dimension of Hydraulic Units | p. 639 |
| Testing of Driveline Systems and Multiwheel Drive Vehicles | p. 649 |
| Laboratory Studies of the Locking Performance of Differentials | p. 649 |
| Laboratory Testing of Friction Clutches of Differentials | p. 662 |
| Laboratory Tests of Differential Lubrication Systems | p. 667 |
| 4 × 4 Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer with Individual Roll Control | p. 679 |
| Field and Road Tests of Wheeled Vehicles | p. 690 |
| Problems and Questions | p. 711 |
| Bibliography | p. 729 |
| Index | p. 743 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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