Effective Group Discussion
by Galanes, Gloria J.; Adams, Katherine H.Edition: 12th
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-06-13
Publisher(s): McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
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Summary
Combining the most recent research findings with practical tools students need to become productive group members, this leading text covers secondary groups of all kinds: work groups, committees, task forces, self-directed work teams, and other small groups whose objectives include finding solutions to problems, producing goods, and creating policies. New lead author Gloria Galanes brings to this edition a vast knowledge of computer-mediated group communication and culture.
Table of Contents
Brief Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Part II: Developing the Group
Chapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of Culture
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Part II: Developing the Group
Chapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of Culture
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Part II: Developing the Group
Chapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of Culture
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Part II: Developing the Group
Chapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of Culture
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyones Life
Central Message
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Study Objectives
What Is Small Group Discussion?
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Types of Small Groups
Activity Groups
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Personal Growth Groups
Educational Groups
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Problem-Solving Groups
Ethical Behavior of Group Members
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
The Participant-Observer Perspective
Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
What is Communication?
Principles of Communication
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Myths about Communication
A Description of a Communication Transaction
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small Groups
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Listening and Responding during Discussions
Listening Preferences
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Pitfalls to Listening Effectively
Effective Listening in the Small Group
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Chapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Study Objectives
The Nature of Language
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Gender
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Problems Resulting from Language Choices
Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Types of Nonverbal Signals
Chapter 4. The Small Group as a System
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
The Systems Perspective
Principles of a System
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Variables of a System
A System and its Environment
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Communicating across Boundaries
Characteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving Groups
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Input Variables
Throughput Variables
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Output Variables
Environmental Factors
Part II: Developing the Group
Chapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of Culture
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Culture?
Cultural Characteristics that Affect Communication
Worldview
Individualism versus Collectivism
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
What is Culture?
Cultural Characteristics that Affect Communication
Worldview
Individualism versus Collectivism
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
What is Culture?
Cultural Characteristics that Affect Communication
Worldview
Individualism versus Collectivism
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Worldview
Individualism versus Collectivism
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Masculinity versus Femininity
Low-versus High-Context Communication
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Communication Challenges Posed by Co-Cultures
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication Patterns
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Age
Co-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic Class
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Challenges for Co-Cultural Group Members
Behaving Ethically in Intercultural Interactions
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Chapter 6. The Members and their Roles
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Study Objectives
Group Size
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Traits and Personality Characteristics
Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Cognitive Complexity
Self-Monitoring
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Preference for Procedural Order
Egalitarianism-Authoritarianism
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Communicative Attitudes and Behaviors
Grouphate
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Sense of Responsibility for the Group's Success
Willingness to Communicate
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Open-mindedness
Development of Member Roles
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Formal versus Informal Roles
Role Emergence
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Classifying Group Roles
Role Management across Groups
Part III: Observing and Evaluating Groups
Chapter 7. Tools for Observing and Evaluating Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Internal Assessment: Members Evaluate the Group
Self-Assessment
Member and Group Assessment
Calling for Outside Help: The Consultant
Practice First
Ethical Principles for Consultants
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Central Message
Study Objectives
Internal Assessment: Members Evaluate the Group
Self-Assessment
Member and Group Assessment
Calling for Outside Help: The Consultant
Practice First
Ethical Principles for Consultants
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Internal Assessment: Members Evaluate the Group
Self-Assessment
Member and Group Assessment
Calling for Outside Help: The Consultant
Practice First
Ethical Principles for Consultants
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Member and Group Assessment
Calling for Outside Help: The Consultant
Practice First
Ethical Principles for Consultants
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Practice First
Ethical Principles for Consultants
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Planning the Consultation
Instruments for Observing and Consulting
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
Verbal Interaction Analysis
Content Analysis
SYMLOG
SYMLOG
Part IV: Small Group Throughput Processes
Chapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and Climate
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Interplay between Communication and Group Culture
Structuration Theory and Group Culture
Negotiating Task and Social Concerns
Fantasy Themes
Groups Socialization of Members
Phases of Group Socialization
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Central Message
Study Objectives
The Interplay between Communication and Group Culture
Structuration Theory and Group Culture
Negotiating Task and Social Concerns
Fantasy Themes
Groups Socialization of Members
Phases of Group Socialization
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
The Interplay between Communication and Group Culture
Structuration Theory and Group Culture
Negotiating Task and Social Concerns
Fantasy Themes
Groups Socialization of Members
Phases of Group Socialization
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Negotiating Task and Social Concerns
Fantasy Themes
Groups Socialization of Members
Phases of Group Socialization
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Groups Socialization of Members
Phases of Group Socialization
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Development of Group Norms
Changing a Norm
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Development of a Group's Climate
Cohesiveness
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Supportiveness
Teambuilding
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Chapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small Groups
Central Message
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Study Objectives
Leadership and Leaders
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Leadership
Leaders
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
Traits Approaches
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Styles Approaches
Functions Approaches
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Contingency Approaches
The Relationship Between Leaders and Followers
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
Transformational Leadership
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
The Case for Distributed Leadership
Internal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small Group
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Review and Organize Your Present Stock of Information
Problem Mapping
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Gather Information You Need
Notetaking
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Reading
Direct Observation
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Surveys
Individual and Group Interviews
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Other Information Sources
Evaluate the Information and Ideas You Have Collected
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Organize Your Information and Ideas
Part V: Improving Group Outputs
Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating Options
Central Message
Study Objectives
Questions for Review
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Group versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision Making
Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Central Message
Study Objectives
Questions for Review
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Group versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision Making
Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Questions for Review
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Group versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision Making
Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Group versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision Making
Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Problem-Solving Guidelines
The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
The Single Question Format
The Ideal Solution Format
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems
Step 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom
1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressed
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
IC: Focusing on the problem
ID: Stating the problem appropriately
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
IE: Map the problem
Using the Problem Census to discover problems
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Step 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions
2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options
2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutions
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Step 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions
3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinking
Evaluating information
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Evaluating reasoning
Evaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide Web
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Chapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and Implementing
Central Message
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Study Objectives
Using P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continued
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Step 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making
4A: Decide what decision-making method to use
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
4B: Understand phasic progression during decision making
Fisher's Models of Group Phases
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making
4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to it
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Using the RISK technique to second-guess the choice
Step 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution Chosen
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Using PERT to keep track of implementation details
Tailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific Problem
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Problem Characteristics
Using Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Decision Making
Teleconferences
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Group Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)
Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Central Message
Study Objectives
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
A Definition of Conflict
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Conflict
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Expressing Disagreement in a Group
Types of Conflict
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Managing Conflict
Basic Approaches toward Conflict Management
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Conflict Management Styles and Tactics
Expressing Disagreement Ethically
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Negotiating Principled Agreement
When Negotiating Fails: Alternatives Procedures
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Common Ground Approaches
Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group Leaders
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Central Message
Study Objectives
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Group-Centered Democratic Leadership
Leader as Completer
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Responsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and Chairs
Administrative Duties
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Leading Discussion
Developing the Group
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Ethical Principles for Group Leaders
Appendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Groups Output
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
The Planning Stage
The Organizing Stage
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
The Presenting Stage
Public Meetings
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Notes
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
Author Index
Subject Index
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