| Sentences and Grammar (Sections 101-130) | |
| Sentences | |
| Parts | |
| subject | |
| verb (predicate) | |
| Sentence pattern | |
| Classifying | |
| by purpose | |
| by structure (clauses)--simple, compound, complex, compound-complex | |
| Parts of Speech: Survey | |
| |
| nouns | |
| pronouns | |
| Verbs | |
| |
| adjectives | |
| adverbs | |
| |
| conjunctions | |
| prepositions | |
| interjections | |
| A word as different parts of speech | |
| A word group as a part of speech | |
| Using Nouns | |
| Kinds | |
| singular, plural | |
| common, proper | |
| concrete, abstract | |
| collective | |
| count, noncount | |
| Uses | |
| subject | |
| complement (direct, indirect object; subjective, objective complement) | |
| object of preposition | |
| appositive | |
| direct address | |
| Using Verbs | |
| Identifying | |
| Kinds | |
| transitive | |
| intransitive | |
| linking | |
| auxiliary | |
| Principal parts | |
| present, past, past participle | |
| troublesome verbs | |
| Tenses, forms | |
| present | |
| past | |
| future | |
| present perfect | |
| past perfect | |
| future perfect | |
| conditional | |
| Verbs vs. Verbals | |
| infinitives | |
| participles | |
| gerunds | |
| Verb errors | |
| perfect and passive forms | |
| tense shift | |
| overused passive voice | |
| mood shifts | |
| confusion of similar verbs (see also 404) | |
| Using Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| Correct use | |
| adverbs with action verbs; modifying adjectives, adverbs | |
| adjectives after linking verbs | |
| good vs. well, bad vs.badly | |
| comparative, superlative; double comparative, superlative; illogical comparisons | |
| Articles, determiners [ESL] | |
| a vs.an | |
| articles before nouns | |
| limiting adjectives (determiners) | |
| order of adjectives | |
| Using Pronouns | |
| Kinds | |
| personal (including gender problem) | |
| interrogative, relative | |
| demonstrative | |
| indefinite | |
| reflexive, intensive | |
| Case | |
| subjective (nominative) | |
| objective;C-subjective-objective problems | |
| who, whom (interrogative) | |
| who, whom (relative) | |
| possessive | |
| Faulty reference | |
| ambiguous | |
| vague | |
| Phrases, Clauses | |
| Phrases | |
| prepositional | |
| verbal (infinitive, participial, absolute, gerund) | |
| Clauses | |
| kinds (independent, dependent) | |
| dependent kinds (adjective, adverb, noun) | |
| in sentences (simple, compound, complex) | |
| Agreement | |
| Subject-verb | |
| person | |
| number | |
| intervening words | |
| compound subjects | |
| subjects with not | |
| indefinite pronouns | |
| collective nouns | |
| linking verbs | |
| singulars in plural form | |
| there and it | |
| titles, words as words | |
| money and measures | |
| relative pronouns | |
| Pronoun-antecedent | |
| shifts to you | |
| singular pronouns | |
| and, or, nor | |
| collective nouns | |
| demonstratives as adjectives | |
| one of the | |
| Effective Sentences | |
| Creating sentences | |
| varying | |
| coordinating | |
| compounding | |
| subordinating (adjective, adverb, noun clauses) | |
| reduction | |
| parallel structure | |
| positioning main idea | |
| "Big three" errors | |
| fragments | |
| comma splices, fused sentences | |
| Gaining clarity | |
| needless separation | |
| misplaced or dangling modifiers (participles, gerunds, clauses, etc.) | |
| incomplete or illogical comparisons | |
| illogical shifts | |
| mixed or confused construction (is when, is where, others) | |
| Punctuation (Sections 201-227) | |
| Comma [,] | |
| Comma (to set off) | |
| independent (main) clause | |
| introductory clause, phrase | |
| items in series | |
| coordinate adjectives | |
| parenthetical expressions | |
| nonessential (nonrestrictive) clauses, phrases, appositives | |
| absolute phrases | |
| direct address | |
| yes, no | |
| mild interjections | |
| direct quotations | |
| such as, etc., contrasts | |
| Comma | |
| clarity | |
| omitted, understood word | |
| tag question | |
| friendly letter | |
| dates, addresses | |
| No comma | |
| between subject-verb, verb-object | |
| between independent clauses | |
| if not needed | |
| Period [.] | |
| Period | |
| end of sentence | |
| abbreviation, initial | |
| outline | |
| ellipsis, hesitation | |
| nonsentence | |
| No period after title | |
| Question Mark [?] | |
| Question mark | |
| direct question | |
| uncertainty | |
| No question mark | |
| indirect question | |
| polite request | |
| humor, irony | |
| Exclamation Point [!] | |
| Exclamation point: w. strong interjection | |
| No exclamation point | |
| mild interjection | |
| beyond one | |
| Semicolon [;] | |
| joining clauses | |
| conjunctive adverb | |
| clauses, series with commas | |
| Apostrophe ['] | |
| Apostrophe with possessive nouns | |
| singular | |
| plural | |
| before gerund | |
| fine points | |
| apostrophes and clarity | |
| Apostrophe | |
| contractions, omissions | |
| letters, symbols | |
| No apostrophe | |
| personal pronouns | |
| plurals, verbs | |
| inanimate objects | |
| Italics (Underlining) | |
| titles of long works | |
| ships, etc. | |
| art works | |
| foreign words | |
| words, etc. as such | |
| emphasis | |
| Quotation Marks [" "] | |
| Double quotation marks | |
| speaker's words | |
| interrupted quotation | |
| uninterrupted quotation | |
| paragraphs | |
| fragmentary quotation | |
| omission (ellipsis) | |
| insertion in quotation | |
| dialogue | |
| poetry | |
| Double quotation marks | |
| titles of short works | |
| definitions | |
| words in special sense | |
| Single quotation marks: quotation inside quotation | |
| Quotation marks with other marks | |
| periods, commas | |
| colons, semicolons | |
| others | |
| No quotation marks | |
| title of paper | |
| irony, etc. | |
| Colon [:] | |
| Colon (to introduce) | |
| list | |
| long quotation | |
| formal quotation, question | |
| independent clause | |
| business letter | |
| announcement | |
| resolution | |
| play dialogue | |
| Colon (to separate) | |
| title parts, etc.; bibliography parts | |
| Dash [--] | |
| break in thought | |
| parenthetical element | |
| appositive | |
| quotation | |
| Parentheses[( )] | |
| Parentheses | |
| incidental information | |
| enclosing | |
| accuracy | |
| with other marks | |
| No parentheses | |
| deletions | |
| editorial remarks | |
| Brackets [[ ]]: A: editorial remarks | |
| sic | |
| stage directions | |
| within parentheses | |
| Hyphen[-] | |
| compound words | |
| compound adjective | |
| numbers | |
| clarification | |
| ex-, self-, etc. | |
| hesitation, etc. | |
| word division | |
| Slash (virgule) [/] | |
| poetry | |
| alternatives | |
| per | |
| fractions | |
| Mechanics, With Spelling (Sections 301-314) | |
| Capitalization | |
| Capital | |
| sentence beginning | |
| poetry | |
| nonsentence | |
| after colon | |
| outline | |
| title | |
| letter greeting, close | |
| I, O | |
| Proper noun capital | |
| person, group, etc. | |
| place | |
| organization, brand | |
| day, month, etc. | |
| sacred name | |
| historical event, etc. | |
| school, etc. | |
| flag, award | |
| planet, etc. | |
| ship, etc. | |
| initial, etc. | |
| personification | |
| title | |
| No capital | |
| compass points | |
| seasons | |
| family | |
| school subject | |
| common noun | |
| words from proper nouns | |
| after semicolon | |
| interrupted quotation | |
| fragmentary quotation | |
| compound word | |
| emphasis | |
| book part | |
| Word division (syllabication) | |
| by pronunciation | |
| compound word | |
| one-syllable word | |
| single letter | |
| Numbers | |
| In words | |
| one or two words | |
| compound adjective | |
| fraction | |
| beginning sentence | |
| In figures | |
| three or more words | |
| special uses | |
| groups in same passage | |
| Money | |
| Abbreviations | |
| Abbreviation | |
| title before name | |
| title after name | |
| with numeral | |
| Latin phrase | |
| organization | |
| No abbreviation | |
| state, day, etc. | |
| name | |
| street, company, etc. | |
| and | |
| school subject | |
| book part | |
| Spelling | |
| Improvement techniques | |
| visualizing | |
| practicing | |
| similar words | |
| related words | |
| memory devices | |
| Basic rules | |
| ie-ei | |
| final e | |
| final y | |
| doubling | |
| letting alone | |
| Plurals | |
| extra syllable (-es) | |
| y ending (-es) | |
| f, fe ending (-es) | |
| o ending (-es) | |
| is ending (-es) | |
| compound word | |
| foreign plural | |
| letter, symbol | |
| Nonstandard, alternative spelling | |
| nonstandard | |
| preferred | |
| One hundred problem words | |
| Word Choice (Sections 401-405) | |
| Conciseness, clarity, originality | |
| conciseness | |
| specificity | |
| connotation | |
| originality | |
| Standard, appropriate English | |
| formal vs. informal | |
| limited use words | |
| expressions to avoid | |
| Nondiscriminatory terms | |
| nonsexist | |
| other | |
| Similar words often confused | |
| Paragraphs and Papers (Sections 501-510) | |
| Manuscript Form | |
| paper, typeface | |
| spacing | |
| title, paging | |
| Justifying, word dividing | |
| corrections | |
| Paragraphs | |
| Form, length [ESL] | |
| Content | |
| topic sentence | |
| development | |
| coherence (incl. transitions) | |
| unity, emphasis | |
| Netiquette Guidelines | |
| Essays | |
| Before writing | |
| topic | |
| plan (prewriting, etc.) | |
| thesis | |
| approach | |
| outline | |
| Writing, revising | |
| first draft | |
| revising, editing, proofreading | |
| sample student essay | |
| Research Papers | |
| Planning, researching | |
| topic | |
| thesis (see 505C) | |
| locating sources (print, electronic, field) | |
| working bibliography | |
| evaluating sources (objectivity, etc.) | |
| note taking (paraphrase, etc.) | |
| pulling it all together | |
| Citing sources | |
| within paper (MLA, APA) | |
| plagiarism [ESL] | |
| Works cited/references list | |
| MLA | |
| APA | |
| Setting up pages | |
| text (MLA, APA) | |
| works cited/references list (MLA, APA) | |
| Index (by section number) | |
| Correction Chart | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
Other versions by this Author
