James A. Griffin, PhD, is the deputy chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, and the director of the Early Learning and School Readiness Program.

Prior to NICHD, Dr. Griffin served as a senior research analyst in the Institute of Education Sciences at the U.S. Department of Education; as the assistant director for the social, behavioral, and education sciences in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; and as a research analyst at the Administration on Children, Youth and Families.

Dr. Griffin's career has focused on research and evaluation efforts related to service systems and early intervention programs designed to enhance the development and school readiness of children from at-risk and disadvantaged backgrounds.

Peggy McCardle, PhD, MPH, is an affiliated research scientist at the Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, and an independent consultant. She is involved in editing volumes related to literacy and learning, mentoring young scholars and researchers, and consulting in a variety of areas, including child language development and learning, bilingualism, education, and learning disabilities. In her role as former chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development she was actively involved in the workshop that was the impetus for this volume.

Lisa S. Freund, PhD, is the chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). She is a developmental neuropsychologist who is known for her neuroimaging studies with children from different clinical populations and was an NICHD-supported scientist for several years. She is currently responsible for a multi-faceted research and training program at NICHD to promote investigations, both basic and applied, to gain a deeper understanding of the developing brain and associated behaviors.

Contributors

Introduction to Executive Function in Preschool-Age Children
James A. Griffin, Lisa S. Freund, Peggy McCardle, Rebecca DelCarmen-Wiggins, and Abigail Haydon

I. Conceptualization and Measurement of Executive Function

1. Why Improving and Assessing Executive Functions Early in Life Is Critical
   Adele Diamond
2. Incorporating Early Development Into the Measurement of Executive Function: The Need for a Continuum of Measures Across Development
   Stephanie M. Carlson, Susan Faja, and Danielle M. Beck
3. Structure, Measurement, and Development of Preschool Executive Function
   Jennifer Mize Nelson, Tiffany D. James, Nicolas Chevalier, Caron A. C. Clark, and Kimberly Andrews Espy
4. Longitudinal Measurement of Executive Function in Preschoolers
   Michael T. Willoughby and Clancy B. Blair
5. Conceptions of Executive Function and Regulation: When and to What Degree Do They Overlap?
   Nancy Eisenberg and Qing Zhou

II. Neurodevelopment and Executive Function

1. Infant Cognitive Abilities: Potential Building Blocks of Later Executive Functions
   Susan A. Rose, Judith F. Feldman, and Jeffery J. Jankowski
2. Psychobiology of Executive Function in Early Development
   Martha Ann Bell and Kimberly Cuevas
3. Imaging Executive Functions in Typically and Atypically Developed Children
   Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus, Scott K. Holland, and Lisa S. Freund
4. Development of Selective Sustained Attention: The Role of Executive Functions
   Anna Fisher and Heidi Kloos

III. Executive Function and Translational Research on Risk and Prevention

1. Preschool Executive Functions in the Context of Family Risk
   Megan M. McClelland, Leslie D. Leve, and Katherine C. Pears
2. Socioeconomic Status and the Development of Executive Function: Behavioral and Neuroscience Approaches
   Gwendolyn M. Lawson, Cayce J. Hook, Daniel A. Hackman, and Martha J. Farah
3. Assessing Developmental Trajectories of Executive Function in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Preschoolers: Opportunities and Challenges
   Margaret O'Brien Caughy, Margaret Tresch Owen, and Jamie Hurst DeLuna
4. Promoting the Development of Executive Functions Through Early Education and Prevention Programs
   Karen L. Bierman and Marcela Torres
5. Conceptual Clutter and Measurement Mayhem: Proposals for Cross-Disciplinary Integration in Conceptualizing and Measuring Executive Function
   Frederick J. Morrison and Jennie K. Grammer

Index

About the Editors