| About the Author |
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iii | |
| Preface |
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iv | |
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Fundamental Principles of Public Finance |
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1 | (26) |
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Market Failure and the Functions of Government |
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2 | (8) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (13) |
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Building Social Decisions from Private Preferences |
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14 | (4) |
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Politics, Representation, and Government Finance |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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Market Interplay, Municipal Utilities, and a Common-Pool Resource |
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25 | (2) |
| PART ONE Budgeting, Budget Structures, and Budget Reform |
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27 | (250) |
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The Logic of the Budget Process |
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29 | (50) |
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The Size and Growth of Government Expenditure |
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30 | (6) |
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36 | (10) |
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The Parts of the Public Expenditure/Public Revenue Process |
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38 | (2) |
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A Budget's Traditional Look: The Object-of-Expenditure (or Input) Format |
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40 | (4) |
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Functions of the Budget Process |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (9) |
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47 | (2) |
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Legislative Consideration |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (3) |
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Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting |
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55 | (4) |
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Budgets and Political Strategies |
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59 | (8) |
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The Incrementalist Insight |
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59 | (1) |
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Roles, Visions, and Incentives |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (5) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (10) |
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What Cost Matters for Making Decisions? |
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69 | (2) |
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Developing and Using Budget Strategy: The Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) |
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71 | (3) |
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Strategies in Defense of the Defense Budget |
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74 | (5) |
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Budget Structures and Institutions: Federal and State-Local |
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79 | (51) |
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79 | (39) |
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Spending by the Federal Government |
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80 | (2) |
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The Federal Budget Process |
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82 | (36) |
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118 | (10) |
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Spending by State and Local Governments |
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120 | (8) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Budget Methods and Practices |
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130 | (52) |
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Preparation of Agency Budget Requests |
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130 | (10) |
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131 | (3) |
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Elements of Cost Estimation |
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134 | (1) |
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Personnel Costs: Paying the Staff |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (3) |
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140 | (3) |
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The Executive Budget: The Plan and the Balancing |
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143 | (7) |
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Phantom Balance and Deficit Reduction |
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145 | (5) |
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Managing Budget Execution |
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150 | (6) |
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154 | (1) |
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An Intra-Year Cash Budget |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (7) |
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166 | (4) |
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Green Felt-Tip Pens, a Tape Recorder, and Embezzlement: Where Did the Budget Process Fail? |
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166 | (3) |
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Balancing the Chicago Public School Budget |
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169 | (1) |
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Budget Preparation, or How to Be a Budget Analyst |
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170 | (12) |
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Budget Classifications and Reform |
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182 | (49) |
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Alternative Budget Classifications and the Provision of Government Services |
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183 | (8) |
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Traditional Budgets: A Flawed Tool for Decision Making |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (8) |
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An Illustration of an Expenditure in Alternative Classifications |
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202 | (1) |
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A Different Budget Logic: Zero-Based Budgets |
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203 | (3) |
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Restructuring the Logic of Governments: New Performance Budgeting |
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206 | (11) |
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Some Caveats about New Performance Budgeting |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (5) |
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223 | (4) |
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Following Departmental Lines (and Scores?) |
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223 | (1) |
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A View of Zero-Based Budgeting |
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224 | (3) |
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Functional Categories of the Federal Budget |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (2) |
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Capital Budgeting, Public Infrastructure Investment, and Project Evaluation |
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231 | (46) |
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Why Have a Capital Budget? |
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233 | (4) |
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A Capital Budgeting Process |
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237 | (6) |
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Problems in Capital Budgeting |
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243 | (2) |
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Accounting for Time: Discounting and Compounding |
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245 | (6) |
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251 | (17) |
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Elements in Cost-Benefit Analysis |
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253 | (6) |
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Selecting a Discount Rate |
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259 | (3) |
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262 | (2) |
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Some Special Problems of Cost-Benefit Analysis |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (6) |
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274 | (3) |
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274 | (3) |
| PART TWO Revenue Sources, Structure, and Administration |
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277 | (264) |
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Taxation: Criteria for Evaluating Revenue Options |
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279 | (39) |
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Taxation in the United States: A Short Overview of the Systems |
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280 | (6) |
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286 | (22) |
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287 | (10) |
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Adequacy of Revenue Production |
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297 | (4) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (3) |
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State and Local Taxes and Economic Development |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (6) |
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Politics and the Protection of Tax Advantages |
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312 | (6) |
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Major Tax Structures: Income Taxes |
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318 | (35) |
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319 | (3) |
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The Argument about Taxing Income |
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322 | (3) |
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For the System of Taxing Income |
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322 | (1) |
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Against the System of Taxing Income |
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323 | (2) |
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Individual Income Taxation |
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325 | (18) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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Corporate Income Taxation |
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343 | (4) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (4) |
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Tax Structures: Taxes on Goods and Services |
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353 | (37) |
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Selective Excise Taxation |
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358 | (5) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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Regulatory and Environmental Excises |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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General Taxes on Goods and Services: Retail Sales and Value-Added Taxes |
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363 | (18) |
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366 | (2) |
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Exclusion of Producers' Goods |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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Remote Vendors and Use Taxes |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (3) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (7) |
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383 | (4) |
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Girl Scout Cookies and the Snack Tax |
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387 | (3) |
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Major Tax Structures: Property Taxes |
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390 | (40) |
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The Arithmetic of Rates, Levies, and Assessed Value |
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393 | (11) |
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Doing Assessments: Standards |
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395 | (3) |
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398 | (2) |
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Doing Assessments: Approaches |
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400 | (2) |
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Doing Assessments: Managing Parcel Data |
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402 | (2) |
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Property Tax Relief Mechanisms |
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404 | (15) |
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Exemptions and Abatements |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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Fractional Assessment and Assessment Disparity |
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411 | (6) |
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417 | (2) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (5) |
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425 | (5) |
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Use-Value Assessment for Farmland: Some Operational Questions |
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425 | (2) |
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Finding Revenue in Reassessment |
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427 | (2) |
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Property Taxes and a World-Class House |
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429 | (1) |
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Revenue from User Fees, User Charges, and Sales by Public Monopolies |
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430 | (29) |
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434 | (2) |
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436 | (9) |
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Advantages of User Charges |
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438 | (2) |
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Limitations of User Charges |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (3) |
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Public Monopoly Revenue: Utilities, Liquor Stores, and Gambling Enterprises |
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445 | (7) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (3) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (3) |
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455 | (4) |
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Enterpreneurial Revenues in State Parks |
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455 | (4) |
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459 | (21) |
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Why Do People and Businesses Pay the Tax They Owe? |
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459 | (2) |
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Taxpayer Active or Taxpayer Passive? |
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461 | (2) |
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The Core Functions of Tax Collection |
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463 | (9) |
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Taxpayer Registration/Service |
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463 | (1) |
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Declaration or Assessment |
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464 | (1) |
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Revenue and Taxpayer Accounting |
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465 | (1) |
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Delinquency Control, Compliance, and Collections |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (3) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (3) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (4) |
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476 | (4) |
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Revenue Forecasts, Revenue Estimates, and Tax Expenditure Budgets |
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480 | (28) |
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Revenue Forecast (or Baseline) |
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481 | (13) |
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General Guides for Revenue Forecasts |
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482 | (2) |
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Alternative Methods for Forecasting |
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484 | (1) |
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Univariate Projections and Extrapolations |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (1) |
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486 | (2) |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (2) |
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491 | (1) |
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Forecasts for the Long Term |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (5) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (2) |
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The State of Minnesota Tax Expenditure Budget: Criteria and Measurement |
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504 | (4) |
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Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: Diversity and Coordination |
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508 | (33) |
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Correspondence and Subsidiarity |
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509 | (2) |
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What about Economic Advantage from Bigness? |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (2) |
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Coordination and Assistance: Tax Systems |
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514 | (5) |
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Coordination and Assistance: Grants |
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519 | (10) |
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522 | (4) |
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526 | (2) |
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Revenue Sharing (General-Purpose Fiscal Assistance) |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (2) |
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Coordination and Assistance: Mandates |
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531 | (3) |
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534 | (1) |
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535 | (1) |
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535 | (6) |
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It Worked Once, But Would it Work Again? |
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535 | (2) |
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Correspondence, Subsidiarity, and the Tenn-Tom Waterway |
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537 | (4) |
| PART THREE Administering Debt, Working Capital, and Pension Funds |
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541 | (81) |
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543 | (41) |
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544 | (6) |
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State and Local Government (Municipal) Debt |
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550 | (27) |
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Municipal Bonds and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 |
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553 | (1) |
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554 | (2) |
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The Mechanics of Bond Values |
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556 | (1) |
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Debt Structure and Design |
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557 | (3) |
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560 | (7) |
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567 | (2) |
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Underwriting, Interest Rates, and Ownership |
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569 | (6) |
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Lease-Purchase Finance and Certificates of Participation |
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575 | (2) |
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577 | (1) |
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577 | (4) |
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A County Debt Policy Statement |
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581 | (3) |
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Managing Funds: Cash Management and Employee Retirement Funds |
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584 | (38) |
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The Cash Budget and Cash Management |
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585 | (18) |
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Elements of Cash Management |
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587 | (2) |
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589 | (3) |
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Controlling Disbursements |
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592 | (2) |
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594 | (1) |
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595 | (2) |
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597 | (2) |
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Other Federal-Agency Issues |
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599 | (1) |
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Negotiable Certificates of Deposit |
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599 | (1) |
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600 | (1) |
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Repurchase Agreements (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase Agreements |
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600 | (1) |
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601 | (1) |
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601 | (1) |
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Money-Market Mutual Funds |
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602 | (1) |
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Keeping Score (Measuring Performance) |
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602 | (1) |
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Managing Public Employee Retirement Funds |
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603 | (8) |
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Critical Issues in Public Employee Retirement Fund Management |
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608 | (3) |
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611 | (1) |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (10) |
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Managing Cash for the Sheriff's Interest? |
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612 | (5) |
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The Underfunded West Virginia Public Employees' Pension Fund |
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617 | (5) |
| Appendix: Some Websites for Fiscal Administration Data and Information |
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622 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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626 | (14) |
| Selected Bibliography |
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640 | (9) |
| Index |
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649 | |
Other versions by this Author