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PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES. |
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1. INTRODUCTION. |
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1.1 Emergence of Geoenvironmental Engineering. |
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1.2 Types of Geoenvironmental Problems. |
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2. RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. |
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2.2 Development of Laws and Regulations. |
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2.3 Federal Environmental Laws and Regulations. |
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2.4 State and Local Laws and Regulations. |
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2.5 Impact of Regulations on Geoenvironmental Practice. |
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3. CHEMICAL BACKGROUND. |
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3.3 Inorganic Chemistry Background. |
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3.4 Organic Chemistry Background. |
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3.5 Nuclear Chemistry Background. |
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3.6 Chemical Analysis Methods. |
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4. COMPOSITION OF SOILS. |
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5. SOIL PROPERTIES. |
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5.2 Geotechnical Properties. |
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6. GEOCHEMISTRY BACKGROUND. |
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6.2 Inorganic Geochemistry. |
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6.3 Organic Geochemistry. |
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7. GROUNDWATER FLOW. |
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7.2 Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater. |
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7.3 Aquifer, Aquiclude, and Aquitard. |
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7.4 Hydraulic Head and Aquifer Properties. |
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7.5 Groundwater Flow in Aquifers. |
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7.6 One-Dimensional Steady Flow. |
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7.7 Flow Toward a Pumping Well. |
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7.8 Pumping and Slug Testing. |
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7.9 Two- and Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow. |
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8. CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT AND FATE. |
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8.3 Chemical Mass Transfer Processes. |
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8.4 Biological Process (Biodegradation). |
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8.5 Contaminant Transport and Fate Modeling. |
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PART II: REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES. |
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9. SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION: SOURCES, CONTAMINANTS, REGULATIONS, AND REMEDIAL APPROACH. |
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9.2 Sources of Contamination. |
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9.3 Types of Contaminants. |
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9.4 Relevant Regulations. |
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9.5 Other Considerations. |
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9.6 Remediation Approach. |
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10. CONTAMINATED SITE CHARACTERIZATION. |
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10.2 General Methodology. |
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10.3 Preliminary Site Assessment. |
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10.4 Exploratory Site Investigation. |
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10.5 Detailed Site Investigation. |
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10.6 Expedited or Accelerated Site Characterization. |
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11. RISK ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIAL STRATEGY. |
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11.2 Risk Assessment Procedures. |
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11.5 Other Risk Assessment Methods. |
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12. IN-SITU WASTE CONTAINMENT. |
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12.4 Surface Caps or Covers. |
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12.5 Groundwater Pumping Systems. |
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13. SOIL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES. |
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13.2 Soil Vapor Extraction. |
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13.4 Stabilization and Solidification. |
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13.5 Electrokinetic Remediation. |
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14. GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES. |
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14.4 Permeable Reactive Barriers. |
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14.5 In-Situ Air Sparging. |
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14.6 Monitored Natural Attenuation. |
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PART III LANDFILLS AND SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS. |
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15. SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES 605 |
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15.3 Classification of Wastes. |
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15.4 Waste Characterization. |
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15.5 Environmental Concerns with Wastes. |
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15.6 Waste Management Strategies. |
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15.7 Engineered Waste Disposal Facilities. |
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16. LANDFILL REGULATIONS, SITING, AND CONFIGURATIONS 635 |
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16.2 Federal Regulations. |
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16.3 State and Local Regulations. |
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16.5 Site Permit Application. |
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16.6 Landfill Configurations. |
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17. WASTE CONTAINMENT LINER SYSTEMS. |
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17.2 Low-Permeability Soil Liners. |
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17.5 Geosynthetic Clay Liners. |
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17.6 Geonets and Geocomposite Drains. |
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17.8 Interface Strengths among Various Liner Components. |
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17.9 Manufacturing and Construction Quality Assurance. |
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17.10 Estimation of Leakage through Liner Systems. |
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17.11 Performance of Liners in Waste Containment Systems. |
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18. LEACHATE COLLECTION AND REMOVAL SYSTEMS AND LINER DESIGN. |
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18.3 Leachate Generation and Management. |
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18.4 Containment System Liner Design. |
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19. FINAL COVER SYSTEMS. |
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19.2 Purpose and Design Criteria. |
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19.3 Regulatory Minimum Requirements. |
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20. GAS GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT. |
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20.2 Gas Generation Mechanisms. |
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20.3 Gas Characteristics. |
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20.4 Gas Production Rates. |
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20.6 Gas Collection Systems. |
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20.7 Gas Flaring and Energy Recovery. |
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21. GROUNDWATER MONITORING. |
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21.2 Regulatory Requirements. |
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21.3 Groundwater Monitoring Systems. |
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21.4 Detection Monitoring Program. |
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21.5 Assessment Monitoring Program. |
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21.6 Corrective Action Program. |
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22. SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS. |
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22.4 Surface Impoundment Design. |
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22.6 Closure and Postclosure Care. |
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PART IV: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES. |
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23. BENEFICIAL USE OF WASTE MATERIALS: RECYCLING. |
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23.2 Types and Evaluation of Waste Materials. |
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23.8 Incinerator Ash (Sewage Sludge Ash). |
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23.12 Demolition Debris and Recycled Concrete. |
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24. END USES OF CLOSED LANDFILLS. |
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24.2 Various End Uses of Closed Landfills. |
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24.3 Design Considerations. |
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25. BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS. |
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25.2 Types and Advantages of Bioreactor Landfills. |
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25.5 Bioreactor Landfill Operations and Maintenance. |
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26. SUBAQUATIC SEDIMENT WASTE: IN-SITU CAPPING. |
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26.2 Relevant Terminology and Definitions. |
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26.5 Construction and Monitoring. |
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26.6 Regulatory and Economic Considerations. |
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