| Nomenclature |
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xvi | |
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Introduction. Technical Applications |
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1 | (104) |
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The different types of heat transfer |
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1 | (29) |
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2 | (3) |
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Steady, one-dimensional conduction of heat |
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5 | (5) |
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Convective heat transfer. Heat transfer coefficient |
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10 | (5) |
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Determining heat transfer coefficients. Dimensionless numbers |
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15 | (10) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (10) |
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The overall heat transfer coefficient |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Overall heat transfer through walls with extended surfaces |
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33 | (4) |
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Heating and cooling of thin walled vessels |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (24) |
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Types of heat exchanger and flow configurations |
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40 | (4) |
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General design equations. Dimensionless groups |
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44 | (5) |
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Countercurrent and cocurrent heat exchangers |
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49 | (7) |
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Crossflow heat exchangers |
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56 | (7) |
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Operating characteristics of further flow configurations. Diagrams |
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63 | (1) |
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The different types of mass transfer |
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64 | (16) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (2) |
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Diffusion through a semipermeable plane. Equimolar diffusion |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (11) |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (2) |
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Penetration and surface renewal theories |
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86 | (1) |
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Application of film theory to evaporative cooling |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (8) |
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94 | (3) |
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Concentration profiles and heights of mass transfer columns |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (4) |
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Heat conduction and mass diffusion |
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105 | (148) |
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The heat conduction equation |
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105 | (14) |
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Derivation of the differential equation for the temperature field |
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106 | (3) |
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The heat conduction equation for bodies with constant material properties |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (3) |
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Temperature dependent material properties |
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114 | (1) |
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Similar temperature fields |
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115 | (4) |
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Steady-state heat conduction |
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119 | (21) |
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Geometric one-dimensional heat conduction with heat sources |
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119 | (3) |
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Longitudinal heat conduction in a rod |
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122 | (5) |
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The temperature distribution in fins and pins |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (3) |
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Geometric multi-dimensional heat flow |
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134 | (1) |
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Superposition of heat sources and heat sinks |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (1) |
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Transient heat conduction |
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140 | (52) |
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141 | (1) |
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The Laplace transformation |
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142 | (7) |
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149 | (1) |
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Heating and cooling with different boundary conditions |
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149 | (5) |
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Two semi-infinite bodies in contact with each other |
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154 | (2) |
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Periodic temperature variations |
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156 | (3) |
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Cooling or heating of simple bodies in one-dimensional heat flow |
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159 | (1) |
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Formulation of the problem |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (4) |
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Results for the cylinder and the sphere |
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167 | (2) |
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Approximation for large times: Restriction to the first term in the series |
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169 | (2) |
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A solution for small times |
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171 | (1) |
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Cooling and heating in multi-dimensional heat flow |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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Approximation for small Biot numbers |
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175 | (2) |
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Solidification of geometrically simple bodies |
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177 | (1) |
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The solidification of flat layers (Stefan problem) |
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178 | (3) |
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The quasi-steady approximation |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Point and linear heat sources |
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187 | (5) |
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Numerical solutions to heat conduction problems |
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192 | (30) |
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The simple, explicit difference method for transient heat conduction problems |
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193 | (1) |
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The finite difference equation |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Discretisation of the boundary conditions |
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197 | (6) |
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The implicit difference method from J. Crank and P. Nicolson |
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203 | (3) |
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Noncartesian coordinates. Temperature dependent material properties |
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206 | (1) |
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The discretisation of the self-adjoint differential operator |
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207 | (1) |
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Constant material properties. Cylindrical coordinates |
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208 | (1) |
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Temperature dependent material properties |
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209 | (2) |
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Transient two- and three-dimensional temperature fields |
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211 | (3) |
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Steady-state temperature fields |
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214 | (1) |
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A simple finite difference method for plane, steady-state temperature fields |
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214 | (3) |
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Consideration of the boundary conditions |
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217 | (5) |
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222 | (24) |
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Remarks on quiescent systems |
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222 | (3) |
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Derivation of the differential equation for the concentration field |
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225 | (5) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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Steady-state mass diffusion with catalytic surface reaction |
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234 | (4) |
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Steady-state mass diffusion with homogeneous chemical reaction |
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238 | (4) |
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242 | (1) |
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Transient mass diffusion in a semi-infinite solid |
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243 | (1) |
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Transient mass diffusion in bodies of simple geometry with one-dimensional mass flow |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (7) |
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Convective heat and mass transfer. Single phase flow |
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253 | (152) |
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Preliminary remarks: Longitudinal, frictionless flow over a flat plate |
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253 | (5) |
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258 | (29) |
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Reynolds' transport theorem |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (3) |
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Cauchy's equation of motion |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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Constitutive equations for the solution of the momentum equation |
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272 | (1) |
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The Navier-Stokes equations |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (5) |
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Dissipated energy and entropy |
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279 | (2) |
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Constitutive equations for the solution of the energy equation |
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281 | (1) |
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Some other formulations of the energy equation |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (2) |
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Influence of the Reynolds number on the flow |
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287 | (3) |
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Simplifications to the Navier-Stokes equations |
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290 | (3) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
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The boundary layer equations |
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293 | (11) |
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The velocity boundary layer |
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293 | (3) |
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The thermal boundary layer |
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296 | (4) |
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The concentration boundary layer |
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300 | (1) |
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General comments on the solution of boundary layer equations |
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300 | (4) |
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Influence of turbulence on heat and mass transfer |
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304 | (8) |
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Turbulent flows near solid walls |
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308 | (4) |
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312 | (29) |
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Parallel flow along a flat plate |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (12) |
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325 | (5) |
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The cylinder in crossflow |
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330 | (4) |
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Tube bundles in crossflow |
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334 | (4) |
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Some empirical equations for heat and mass transfer in external forced flow |
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338 | (3) |
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341 | (32) |
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Laminar flow in circular tubes |
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341 | (1) |
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Hydrodynamic, fully developed, laminar flow |
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342 | (2) |
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Thermal, fully developed, laminar flow |
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344 | (2) |
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Heat transfer coefficients in thermally fully developed, laminar flow |
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346 | (3) |
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The thermal entry flow with fully developed velocity profile |
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349 | (5) |
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Thermally and hydrodynamically developing flow |
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354 | (1) |
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Turbulent flow in circular tubes |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (9) |
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Some empirical equations for heat and mass transfer in flow through channels, packed and fluidised beds |
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370 | (3) |
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373 | (14) |
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376 | (3) |
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Heat transfer in laminar flow on a vertical wall |
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379 | (5) |
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Some empirical equations for heat transfer in free flow |
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384 | (2) |
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Mass transfer in free flow |
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386 | (1) |
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Overlapping of free and forced flow |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (10) |
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The temperature field in a compressible flow |
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389 | (7) |
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Calculation of heat transfer |
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396 | (3) |
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399 | (6) |
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Convective heat and mass transfer. Flows with phase change |
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405 | (98) |
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Heat transfer in condensation |
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405 | (43) |
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The different types of condensation |
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406 | (2) |
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Nusselt's film condensation theory |
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408 | (4) |
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Deviations from Nusselt's film condensation theory |
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412 | (4) |
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Influence of non-condensable gases |
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416 | (6) |
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Film condensation in a turbulent film |
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422 | (4) |
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Condensation of flowing vapours |
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426 | (5) |
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431 | (4) |
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Condensation of vapour mixtures |
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435 | (4) |
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The temperature at the phase interface |
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439 | (4) |
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The material and energy balance for the vapour |
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443 | (2) |
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Calculating the size of a condenser |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (53) |
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The different types of heat transfer |
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449 | (4) |
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The formation of vapour bubbles |
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453 | (3) |
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Bubble frequency and departure diameter |
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456 | (4) |
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Boiling in free flow. The Nukijama curve |
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460 | (1) |
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Stability during boiling in free flow |
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461 | (4) |
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Calculation of heat transfer coefficients for boiling in free flow |
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465 | (3) |
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Some empirical equations for heat transfer during nucleate boiling in free flow |
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468 | (4) |
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472 | (1) |
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The different flow patterns |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (1) |
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Some basic terms and definitions |
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476 | (3) |
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Pressure drop in two-phase flow |
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479 | (8) |
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The different heat transfer regions in two-phase flow |
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487 | (2) |
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Heat transfer in nucleate boiling and convective evaporation |
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489 | (3) |
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492 | (3) |
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Some empirical equations for heat transfer in two-phase flow |
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495 | (1) |
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Heat transfer in boiling mixtures |
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496 | (5) |
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501 | (2) |
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503 | (114) |
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Fundamentals. Physical quantities |
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503 | (24) |
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504 | (2) |
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506 | (1) |
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506 | (1) |
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507 | (2) |
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Hemispherical spectral emissive power and total intensity |
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509 | (4) |
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Diffuse radiators. Lambert's cosine law |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (3) |
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517 | (5) |
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522 | (2) |
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Radiation in an enclosure. Kirchhoff's law |
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524 | (3) |
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Radiation from a black body |
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527 | (10) |
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Definition and realisation of a black body |
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527 | (1) |
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The spectral intensity and the spectral emissive power |
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528 | (4) |
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The emissive power and the emission of radiation in a wavelength interval |
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532 | (5) |
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Radiation properties of real bodies |
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537 | (18) |
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537 | (3) |
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The relationships between emissivity, absorptivity and reflectivity. The grey Lambert radiator |
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540 | (1) |
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Conclusions from Kirchhoff's law |
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540 | (1) |
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Calculation of absorptivities from emissivities |
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541 | (1) |
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The grey Lambert radiator |
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542 | (2) |
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Emissivities of real bodies |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (3) |
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Electrical conductors (metals) |
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548 | (2) |
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550 | (5) |
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555 | (14) |
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Extraterrestrial solar radiation |
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555 | (3) |
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The attenuation of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere |
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558 | (1) |
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558 | (3) |
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Molecular and aerosol scattering |
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561 | (1) |
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562 | (2) |
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Direct solar radiation on the ground |
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564 | (2) |
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Diffuse solar radiation and global radiation |
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566 | (2) |
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Absorptivities for solar radiation |
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568 | (1) |
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569 | (25) |
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570 | (6) |
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Radiative exchange between black bodies |
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576 | (3) |
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Radiative exchange between grey Lambert radiators |
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579 | (1) |
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The balance equations according to the net-radiation method |
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580 | (1) |
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Radiative exchange between a radiation source, a radiation receiver and a reradiating wall |
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581 | (4) |
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Radiative exchange in a hollow enclosure with two zones |
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585 | (2) |
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The equation system for the radiative exchange between any number of zones |
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587 | (3) |
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Protective radiation shields |
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590 | (4) |
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594 | (18) |
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Absorption coefficient and optical thickness |
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595 | (2) |
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Absorptivity and emissivity |
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597 | (3) |
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Results for the emissivity |
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600 | (3) |
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Emissivities and mean beam lengths of gas spaces |
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603 | (4) |
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Radiative exchange in a gas filled enclosure |
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607 | (1) |
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Black, isothermal boundary walls |
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607 | (1) |
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Grey isothermal boundary walls |
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608 | (3) |
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Calculation of the radiative exchange in complicated cases |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (5) |
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617 | (9) |
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A.1 Introduction to tensor notation |
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617 | (2) |
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A.2 Relationship between mean and thermodynamic pressure |
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619 | (1) |
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A.3 Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid of constant viscosity in cartesian coordinates |
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620 | (1) |
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A.4 Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid of constant viscosity in cylindrical coordinates |
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621 | (1) |
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A.5 Entropy balance for mixtures |
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622 | (1) |
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A.6 Relationship between partial and specific enthalpy |
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623 | (1) |
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A.7 Calculation of the constants an of a Graetz-Nusselt problem (3.246) |
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624 | (2) |
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Appendix B: Property data |
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626 | (14) |
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Appendix C: Solutions to the exercises |
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640 | (14) |
| Literature |
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654 | (17) |
| Index |
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671 | |
Other versions by this Author