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Summary
One of APA's most popular and influential titles is finally in paperback, with a new preface and afterword by the author on how ideas about parking have changed since the book first appeared.
Table of Contents
| Acknowledgements | p. xvii |
| Preface: A Progress Report on Parking Reforms | p. xix |
| Set the Right Price for Curb Parking | p. xx |
| Return Parking Revenue to Pay for Local Public Services | p. xxviii |
| Remove Minimum Parking Requirements | p. xxxi |
| A Quiet Revolution in Parking Policies | p. xxxvii |
| The Twenty-First Century Parking Problem | p. 1 |
| The Car Explosion | p. 4 |
| The ôCommonsö Problem | p. 7 |
| Skewed Travel Choices | p. 9 |
| Cures That Kill | p. 9 |
| The Twenty-First Century Parking Solution | p. 13 |
| Planning for Free Parking | p. 19 |
| Unnatural Selection | p. 21 |
| The Genesis of Parking Requirements | p. 21 |
| Huddled Masses Yearning to Park Free | p. 22 |
| Planning without Prices | p. 23 |
| Planning without Theory | p. 25 |
| First Strategy: Copy Other Cities | p. 27 |
| Second Strategy: Consult ITE Data | p. 31 |
| Five Easy Reforms | p. 64 |
| Conclusion: The Immaculate Conception of Parking Demand | p. 65 |
| The Pseudoscience of Planning for Parking | p. 75 |
| Three-Step Process | p. 75 |
| Circular Logic | p. 84 |
| Estimating Demand without Prices | p. 87 |
| Professional Confidence Trick | p. 88 |
| Planners in Denial | p. 89 |
| Parochial Policies | p. 92 |
| Mobility versus Proximity | p. 93 |
| Systemwide Effects of Parking Requirements | p. 94 |
| Parking Spaces Required for a Change of Land Use | p. 97 |
| Quantity versus Quality | p. 101 |
| Conclusion: An Elaborate Structure with No Foundation | p. 111 |
| An Analogy: Ancient Astronomy | p. 119 |
| A Parallel Universe | p. 120 |
| The Muddle Is the Message | p. 121 |
| The Twenty-First Century Parking Solution | p. 13 |
| A Great Planning Disaster | p. 127 |
| Bundled Parking and the Decision to Drive | p. 128 |
| Distorted Urban Form | p. 129 |
| Degraded Urban Design | p. 136 |
| Higher Housing Costs | p. 141 |
| Paralysis by Parking Requirements | p. 153 |
| Limits on Homeownership | p. 157 |
| Damage to the Urban Economy | p. 157 |
| Harm to the Central Business District | p. 158 |
| Harm to Low-Income Families | p. 165 |
| Price Discrimination | p. 167 |
| Prices and Preferences | p. 169 |
| Precedent Coagulates into Tradition | p. 171 |
| An Analogy: Bloodletting | p. 173 |
| Conclusion: First, Do No Harm | p. 175 |
| The Cost of Required Parking Spaces | p. 185 |
| How Much Does a Parking Space Cost? | p. 185 |
| Monthly Cost of a Parking Space | p. 191 |
| External Costs of a Parking Space | p. 194 |
| Conclusion: The High Cost of Required Parking Spaces | p. 200 |
| Putting the Cost of Free Parking in Perspective | p. 205 |
| Total Subsidy for Parking | p. 205 |
| Capital Cost of the Parking Supply | p. 208 |
| New Parking Spaces Compared with New Cars | p. 210 |
| Free Parking Compared with the Cost of Driving to Work | p. 211 |
| Parking Subsidies Compared with Congestion Tolls | p. 215 |
| Simple Arithmetic | p. 217 |
| Conclusion: A Great Planning Disaster | p. 218 |
| An Allegory: Minimum Telephone Requirements | p. 225 |
| Public Parking in Lieu of Private Parking | p. 229 |
| Benefits of In-Lieu Fees | p. 231 |
| Concerns about In-Lieu Fees | p. 232 |
| How Do Cities Set the In-Lieu Fees? | p. 233 |
| Why Pay the Fee rather than Provide the Parking? | p. 236 |
| The Impact Fees Implicit in Parking Requirements | p. 237 |
| Conclusion: The High Cost of Parking Requirements | p. 246 |
| Reduce Demand Rather than Increase Supply | p. 251 |
| Transit Passes in Lieu of Parking Spaces | p. 251 |
| Parking Cash Out in Lieu of Parking Spaces | p. 262 |
| Car Sharing | p. 266 |
| Policies Appropriate to Their Locations | p. 267 |
| Conclusion: Offer the Option to Reduce Parking Demand | p. 267 |
| Cruising for Parking | p. 273 |
| Cruising | p. 275 |
| Cruising through the Twentieth Century | p. 276 |
| Detroit | p. 279 |
| Washington, D.C | p. 280 |
| New Haven and Waterbury | p. 281 |
| London | p. 281 |
| Paris | p. 283 |
| Freiburg | p. 283 |
| Jerusalem and Haifa | p. 283 |
| Cambridge | p. 284 |
| Cape Town | p. 284 |
| New York | p. 285 |
| San Francisco | p. 288 |
| Sydney | p. 289 |
| Cruising without Parking | p. 289 |
| Conclusion: A Century of Cruising | p. 290 |
| The Right Price for Curb Parking | p. 295 |
| Is Curb Parking a Public Good? | p. 296 |
| Time Limits | p. 296 |
| The Right Price | p. 297 |
| External Costs of Curb Parking | p. 303 |
| Demand-Responsive Prices | p. 304 |
| Can Prices Manage Curb Parking Demand? | p. 307 |
| Two Later Observations | p. 314 |
| Conclusion: Charge the Right Price for Curb Parking | p. 315 |
| Choosing to Cruise | p. 321 |
| To Cruise or to Pay | p. 321 |
| Equilibrium Search Time: An Example | p. 323 |
| The Wages of Cruising | p. 324 |
| Rent Seeking | p. 329 |
| Two Pricing Strategies | p. 330 |
| Elasticities | p. 331 |
| A Numerical Example | p. 333 |
| Complications | p. 335 |
| Is Cruising Rational? | p. 339 |
| The Role of Information | p. 340 |
| Conclusion: An Invitation to Cruise | p. 342 |
| California Cruising | p. 347 |
| Park-and-Visit Tests in Westwood Village | p. 348 |
| Cheaper Curb Parking Creates More Cruising | p. 350 |
| Cruising for a Year | p. 351 |
| Side Effects of Cruising | p. 361 |
| Solo Drivers More Likely to Cruise | p. 362 |
| Market Prices Can Attract More People | p. 363 |
| Wages of Cruising in Westwood Village | p. 367 |
| Perception versus Reality | p. 367 |
| Turning Wasted Time into Public Revenue | p. 369 |
| Conclusion: The High Cost of Cruising | p. 369 |
| Cashing in on Curb Parking | p. 377 |
| Buying Time at the Curb | p. 379 |
| First Parking Meter | p. 380 |
| The Technology of Charging for Curb Parking | p. 382 |
| Not Technology but Politics | p. 390 |
| Conclusion: Honk if You Support Paid Parking | p. 392 |
| Turning Small Change into Big Changes | p. 397 |
| Parking Benefit Districts | p. 397 |
| A Logical Recipient: Business Improvement Districts | p. 401 |
| Pasadena: Your Meter Money Makes a Difference | p. 403 |
| San Diego: Turning Small Change into Big Changes | p. 418 |
| Conclusion: Cash Registers at the Curb | p. 427 |
| Taxing Foreigners Living Abroad | p. 433 |
| A Market in Curb Parking | p. 434 |
| Residential Parking Benefit Districts | p. 435 |
| Benefits of Parking Benefit Districts | p. 453 |
| Conclusion: Changing the Politics of Curb Parking | p. 464 |
| Let Prices Do the Planning | p. 471 |
| Space, Time, Money, and Parking | p. 471 |
| The Optimal Parking Space | p. 473 |
| Greed versus Sloth | p. 474 |
| Parking Duration and Vehicle Occupancy | p. 475 |
| The Invisible Hand | p. 479 |
| Classic Monocentric Models | p. 480 |
| Efficiency | p. 483 |
| Practicality | p. 484 |
| Enforcement | p. 486 |
| Banning Curb Parking | p. 489 |
| Where Would Jesus Park? | p. 494 |
| Removing Off-Street Parking Requirements | p. 495 |
| Conclusion: Prices Can Do the Planning | p. 499 |
| The Ideal Source of Local Public Revenue | p. 505 |
| Henry George's Proposal | p. 505 |
| Curb Parking Revenue Is Public Land Rent | p. 508 |
| Parking Requirements Act Like a Tax on Buildings | p. 509 |
| What Would Adam Smith Say about Charging for Parking? | p. 512 |
| Revenue Potential of Curb Parking | p. 513 |
| Division of Curb Parking Revenue | p. 519 |
| Similarity to Special Assessments | p. 522 |
| Property Values | p. 523 |
| An Analogy: Congestion Pricing | p. 523 |
| Appropriate Public Claimants | p. 527 |
| Parking Increment Finance | p. 528 |
| Equity | p. 530 |
| Opportunity Cost of Curb Parking | p. 539 |
| Economic Development | p. 540 |
| Monopoly, Free Parking, and Henry George | p. 543 |
| Conclusion: The Revenue Is under Our Cars | p. 547 |
| Unbundled Parking | p. 559 |
| Parking Costs Unbundled from Housing Costs | p. 560 |
| Parking Caps or Parking Prices | p. 568 |
| Effects of Unbundling on VMT and Vehicle Emissions | p. 569 |
| Objections to Unbundling | p. 572 |
| Conclusion: The High Cost of Bundled Parking | p. 575 |
| Time for a Paradigm Shift | p. 579 |
| Parking Requirements as a Paradigm | p. 580 |
| Retrofitting America | p. 582 |
| An Illustration: Advising the Mayor | p. 583 |
| A New Style of Planning | p. 584 |
| Conclusion | p. 587 |
| Changing the Future | p. 589 |
| Curb Parking as a Commons Problem | p. 590 |
| Enormous Parking Subsidies | p. 591 |
| Unintended Consequences | p. 592 |
| Enclosing the Commons | p. 594 |
| Public Property, Not Private Property | p. 595 |
| Commons, Anticommons, and the Liberal Commons | p. 596 |
| Public Property, but without Open Access | p. 599 |
| Other Commons Problems | p. 600 |
| Two Futures | p. 601 |
| Three Reforms | p. 602 |
| The Practice of Parking Requirements | p. 607 |
| Three Steps in Setting a Parking Requirement | p. 608 |
| 662 Land Uses | p. 609 |
| 216 Bases | p. 610 |
| Convergence to the Golden Rule | p. 612 |
| Parking Requirements and Regional Culture | p. 614 |
| Parking Requirements and Parking Technology | p. 614 |
| What Went Wrong? | p. 617 |
| Nationwide Transportation Surveys | p. 621 |
| Drivers Park Free for 99 Percent of All Automobile Trips | p. 621 |
| Cars Are Parked 95 Percent of the Time | p. 624 |
| The Language of Parking | p. 627 |
| The Calculus of Driving, Parking, and Walking | p. 631 |
| Elasticities | p. 633 |
| Complications | p. 633 |
| The Price of Time | p. 635 |
| The Price of Land and the Cost of Parking | p. 643 |
| Break-Even Land Values | p. 643 |
| Land Banks | p. 645 |
| Cost of Complying with Parking Requirements | p. 646 |
| People, Parking, and Cities | p. 649 |
| Share of Land in Streets and Parking | p. 650 |
| People and Land: Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco | p. 653 |
| Converting Traffic Congestion into Cash | p. 659 |
| Use of the Toll Revenue | p. 664 |
| Estimates of the Toll Revenue | p. 666 |
| Income Distribution and Political Support | p. 668 |
| The Vehicles of Nations | p. 673 |
| Afterword: Twenty-First Century Parking Reforms | p. 683 |
| Set the Right Price for Curb Parking | p. 683 |
| Return Parking Revenue to Pay for Local Public Services | p. 693 |
| Remove Minimum Parking Requirements | p. 698 |
| Conclusion | p. 705 |
| References | p. 709 |
| Index | p. 741 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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