Human Behavior In Organizations

by Vandeveer, Rodney C.; Menefee, Michael L.

ISBN13: 9780131466562

ISBN10: 0131466569

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2006-01-01

Publisher(s): Pearson College Div

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Summary

This text builds a solid foundation in organizational behavior concepts needed to understand individual and group behavior in organizations. The focus is on developing effective leadership behavior beginning with discovery of your own preferences in terms of your behavioral choices, your preferred behavior in groups, and your behavioral preference for certain organizational structures. A blend of current theory, practical applications, self-assessment exercises, and case studies help explain and apply concepts in an experiential manner. Book jacket.

Self-Assessment Tests	p. xiii
Preface	p. xiv
Author Biographies	p. xvii
The Big Picture	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
What Is Organizational Behavior?	p. 5
Learning Outcomes: What Is Organizational Behavior?	p. 5
The Card Game	p. 6
Systematic Study	p. 8
What Is an Organization?	p. 9
Challenges in Understanding Organizational Behavior	p. 10
Summary	p. 11
Discussion Questions	p. 11
Understanding Me	p. 13
Personality, Ability, and Learning	p. 15
Learning Outcomes: Personality, Ability, and Learning	p. 15
The Seminars	p. 16
Personality	p. 16
Ability	p. 18
Learning	p. 19
Classical Conditioning	p. 19
Operant Conditioning	p. 20
Social Learning	p. 20
Learning Styles	p. 20
Summary	p. 23
Discussion Questions	p. 23
Perception	p. 25
Learning Outcomes: Perception	p. 25
The Big Game	p. 26
Three Factors That Influence Perception	p. 27
Attribution Theory	p. 28
How People Apply Attribution Theory	p. 29
A Personal Example	p. 29
Summary	p. 31
Discussion Questions	p. 31
Values and Attitudes	p. 33
Learning Outcomes: Values and Attitudes	p. 33
The Bad Company	p. 34
What Determines Your Values?	p. 34
Value Differences between Generations	p. 35
Value Differences between Regions and Cultures	p. 35
What's the Difference between Values and Attitudes?	p. 36
Attitudes in an Organization	p. 36
Summary	p. 38
Discussion Questions	p. 39
Motivation	p. 41
Learning Outcomes: Motivation	p. 41
The Burger Den	p. 42
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs	p. 43
Alderfer's ERG Model	p. 44
Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory	p. 45
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y	p. 47
McClelland's Needs Theory	p. 47
The Need for Achievement	p. 47
The Need for Power	p. 48
The Need for Affiliation	p. 48
Goal-Setting Theory	p. 48
Equity Theory of Motivation	p. 49
Reinforcement Theory	p. 50
Positive Reinforcement	p. 50
Negative Reinforcement	p. 51
Punishment	p. 51
Extinction	p. 51
The Expectancy Theory	p. 51
Effort-to-Performance Expectancy	p. 52
Performance-to-Reward Expectancy	p. 52
Reward-to-Need Satisfaction Expectancy	p. 52
Summary	p. 54
Discussion Questions	p. 55
Stress	p. 57
Learning Outcomes: Stress	p. 57
Pick Up the Pace	p. 58
What Are the Positive and Negative Aspects of Stress?	p. 59
Positive Stress	p. 59
Negative Stress	p. 59
How Does a Person React to Stress?	p. 60
Perception	p. 60
Locus of Control	p. 60
Job Experience	p. 60
Social Support	p. 61
Type of Personality	p. 61
What Are the Effects of Stress?	p. 61
Physiological Stress	p. 61
Psychological Stress	p. 62
Behavioral Stress	p. 62
What Are Some Stress Management Techniques?	p. 62
Establish Personal Priorities	p. 62
Physical Exercise	p. 62
Time Management	p. 62
Relaxation	p. 63
Summary	p. 64
Discussion Questions	p. 64
Understanding Others	p. 65
Turning People into Team Players	p. 67
Learning Outcomes: Turning People into Team Players	p. 67
The Team	p. 68
Why Teams?	p. 69
What Teamwork Skills Do We Need to Learn?	p. 69
What about Gender Differences?	p. 71
What about Cultural Differences?	p. 72
Synergy	p. 73
Summary	p. 74
Discussion Questions	p. 74
Group Behavior	p. 75
Learning Outcomes: Group Behavior	p. 75
The Group	p. 76
Types of Groups	p. 76
Formal Groups	p. 77
Informal Groups	p. 77
Why Do People Join Groups?	p. 77
Group Development	p. 78
A Personal Example	p. 79
The Punctuated Equilibrium Model	p. 80
Types of Teams	p. 81
Problem-Solving Teams	p. 81
Cross-Functional Work Teams	p. 82
Self-Managed Work Teams	p. 82
Team Issues	p. 82
Size	p. 82
Team Skills	p. 83
Authority	p. 83
Geography	p. 83
Goals	p. 83
Timing	p. 83
Leadership	p. 83
Reward Systems	p. 83
Group Decision Making	p. 84
Trust	p. 84
A Word of Caution	p. 84
Groupthink	p. 84
Groupshift	p. 85
Escalation of Commitment	p. 85
Summary	p. 86
Discussion Questions	p. 87
Leadership	p. 89
Learning Outcomes: Leadership	p. 89
The Leaders	p. 90
Trait Theory	p. 91
Behavioral Theory	p. 91
The Ohio State University Study	p. 92
University of Michigan Study	p. 92
The Management Grid	p. 92
Contingency Theory	p. 93
The Contingency Model	p. 93
Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Survey	p. 94
Situational Leadership Model	p. 96
Contemporary Approaches	p. 98
Attribution Theory	p. 98
Charismatic and Visionary Leadership	p. 99
Transformational versus Transactional Leadership	p. 99
Emotional Intelligence	p. 100
Practical Application	p. 101
Summary	p. 103
Discussion Questions	p. 104
Decision Making	p. 105
Learning Outcomes: Decision Making	p. 105
The Decision	p. 106
The Satisficing Model	p. 107
The Implicit Favorite Model	p. 107
The Maximizing or Rational Decision-Making Model	p. 107
Prioritizing the Problems	p. 107
Understanding a Problem	p. 108
Analyzing the Facts	p. 108
Determining a Course of Action	p. 109
Determining the Musts and the Wants	p. 110
Who Makes the Decision?	p. 111
Group Decision Techniques	p. 111
Summary	p. 113
Discussion Questions	p. 113
Communication	p. 115
Learning Outcomes: Communication	p. 115
The Picnic	p. 116
The Communication Process	p. 116
What Causes Communication to Happen?	p. 116
Constructing the Message	p. 117
Choosing the Channel	p. 117
Understanding the Message	p. 117
Action or Response	p. 119
Looking for the Response-Feedback	p. 119
Communication within Organizations	p. 119
Other Considerations in Communications	p. 120
The Grapevine and Rumors	p. 120
Voice Tones	p. 121
Body Language and Gestures	p. 121
Practical Application	p. 121
Current Needs and Communication	p. 122
Summary	p. 123
Discussion Questions	p. 123
Conflict	p. 125
Learning Outcomes: Conflict	p. 125
The Conflict	p. 126
Differing Views of Conflict	p. 126
Informational-Based Conflicts	p. 127
Strategies for Handling Conflict	p. 127
What to Do When the Conflict Cannot Be Resolved	p. 129
Understanding Conflict	p. 130
Summary	p. 131
Discussion Questions	p. 132
Negotiation	p. 133
Learning Outcomes: Negotiation	p. 133
The Negotiation	p. 134
The Negotiating Environment	p. 134
Bargaining Strategies	p. 135
Distributive Bargaining	p. 135
Integrative Bargaining	p. 135
Attitudinal Structuring	p. 136
Intraorganizational Bargaining	p. 136
The Negotiation Process	p. 136
Preparation	p. 136
Action	p. 137
Closure and Implementation	p. 138
Third-Party Intervention	p. 138
Mediators	p. 138
Arbitrator	p. 139
Conciliator	p. 139
Consultant	p. 140
Concluding Issues	p. 140
Ethical Conduct	p. 140
Gender Differences	p. 140
The Service Business	p. 141
How to Win	p. 141
Pitfalls in Negotiating	p. 141
Summary	p. 142
Discussion Questions	p. 142
Understanding Organizations	p. 143
Typical Structures	p. 145
Learning Outcomes: Typical Structures	p. 145
How Many Managers?	p. 146
Elements of Organizational Structure	p. 146
Division of Labor	p. 147
Characterization of Jobs	p. 147
Authority	p. 147
Control	p. 148
Decision Making	p. 148
Creativity	p. 149
Structure Shapes and Design	p. 149
The Simple Organization Design	p. 149
The Bureaucracy	p. 149
The Matrix Design	p. 150
The Virtual Organization	p. 150
Team Organization	p. 151
Organizational Models	p. 151
Bureaucratic	p. 151
Entrepreneurial	p. 152
The Blend	p. 152
Why Are Structures Different?	p. 153
Size	p. 153
Technology and External Influences	p. 153
Focus and Strategy	p. 154
The Future	p. 154
Turning Inward	p. 155
Turning Outward	p. 155
Application	p. 155
Summary	p. 156
Discussion Questions	p. 156
What Do People in Different Jobs Do?	p. 157
Learning Outcomes: What Do People in Different Jobs Do?	p. 157
Problems in the Line	p. 158
Line Positions	p. 159
Sales	p. 159
Marketing	p. 160
Production	p. 160
Customer Service	p. 161
Staff Positions	p. 162
Human Resources	p. 162
Research and Development	p. 162
Accounting and Finance/MIS (Management Information Systems)/Legal	p. 163
Summary	p. 164
Discussion Questions	p. 164
Human Resources I: The Hiring Process	p. 165
Learning Outcomes: The Hiring Process	p. 165
The Interview	p. 166
Determining the Job to Be Filled	p. 167
Job Analysis	p. 167
Job Title	p. 168
Job Description	p. 168
Job Specification	p. 168
Recruiting and Selection	p. 168
Recruiting	p. 169
The Resume and Application Blank	p. 169
The Interview	p. 169
Written Tests	p. 170
Assessment Centers	p. 171
Work Sampling	p. 171
Physical Exams and Drug Testing	p. 171
Summary	p. 172
Discussion Questions	p. 173
Human Resources II: Company Policies	p. 175
Learning Outcomes: Company Policies	p. 175
The New Hire	p. 176
Basic Concepts of Job Design	p. 177
Job Characteristic Model	p. 177
Evaluating Work Designs	p. 178
Work Redesign Considerations	p. 179
Training and Development	p. 180
Performance Evaluation	p. 181
What Is Evaluation?	p. 181
Who Should Do the Evaluations?	p. 181
How Are Evaluations Done?	p. 182
How Can Evaluations Be Done Right?	p. 182
Programs to Retain Employees	p. 183
Summary	p. 184
Discussion Questions	p. 185
Organizational Culture	p. 187
Learning Outcomes: Organizational Culture	p. 187
Culture Shock	p. 188
Behind Company Culture	p. 189
Organizational Culture and Career Planning	p. 191
Organizational Culture Is a Two-Edged Sword	p. 192
Summary	p. 193
Discussion Questions	p. 194
Motivation in Organizations	p. 195
Learning Outcomes: Motivation in Organizations	p. 195
Management by Objectives	p. 196
Management by Objectives	p. 197
Recognition Programs	p. 198
Quality Circles	p. 199
Variable Pay Programs	p. 199
Summary	p. 200
Discussion Questions	p. 200
Organizational Change	p. 201
Learning Outcomes: Organizational Change	p. 201
A Change for the Better	p. 202
Lewin's Change Model	p. 203
Unfreezing	p. 203
Movement and Transition	p. 203
Refreezing	p. 203
Driving Forces for Change	p. 203
Technology	p. 204
Nature of the Workforce	p. 204
International Effects	p. 204
Mergers	p. 204
Economic Shocks	p. 205
Why (Most) People Don't Like Change	p. 205
Why Many Organizations Find It Difficult to Change	p. 205
How to Get People and Organizations to Change	p. 206
Summary	p. 207
Discussion Questions	p. 207
Power and Politics	p. 209
Learning Outcomes: Power and Politics	p. 209
The Lunch	p. 210
Power and Dependency	p. 210
Sources of Power	p. 211
Sexual Harassment	p. 212
Political Behavior	p. 213
Impression Management	p. 214
Exercises	p. 215
A Sexual Harassment Issue	p. 215
A Political Behavior Issue	p. 215
Summary	p. 216
Discussion Questions	p. 216
Putting It All Together	p. 217
Effort and Ethics	p. 219
Learning Outcomes: Effort and Ethics	p. 219
The Garage	p. 220
Effort	p. 221
Ethics	p. 223
Customers	p. 223
Employees	p. 224
Peers	p. 225
Suppliers	p. 226
Competitors	p. 227
A Final Thought	p. 229
Summary	p. 230
Discussion Questions	p. 230
Succeeding in an Organization	p. 231
Learning Outcomes: Succeeding in an Organization	p. 231
The Clerk	p. 232
Preparation	p. 233
Selection and Adaptation	p. 234
Motivation and Stimulation	p. 236
Leadership	p. 236
Reference Points	p. 238
Failure	p. 238
The Magnificent Seven	p. 238
The New Discipline	p. 239
Remember Me?	p. 240
Summary	p. 241
Discussion Questions	p. 241
Appendices	p. 243
Personal Profile	p. 243
Workbook	p. 253
Endnotes	p. 299
Index	p. 305
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