|
List of Tables, Figures, and Worksheets |
|
|
xiii | |
|
Introduction and Overview |
|
|
1 | (7) |
|
Characteristics of the Approach Taken in This Book |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
Brief Overview of the Book |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
Where Do You Start as a Consultant? |
|
|
8 | (16) |
|
Reading Targets across the Continuum of Reading Proficiency |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
Qualities and Characteristics of Effective Reading Instruction |
|
|
11 | (7) |
|
The Instructional Hierarchy |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Teaching Materials and Difficulty Levels |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
Other Qualities of Teaching Materials |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Summarizing with an Example |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
Sufficient Time for Learning and Meaningful Active Engagement |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Identifying the Entry Point for Intervention Efforts |
|
|
18 | (4) |
|
Too Much Effort for Too Little Yield |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Unsound Instructional Environment |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Conflicting Organizational Priorities |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Unwillingness to Cooperate |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
The Right Questions Are Not Being Asked |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement (IDEA) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Selecting and Monitoring Early Literacy Interventions |
|
|
24 | (49) |
|
|
25 | (4) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Understanding How It All Goes Together |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Why Is Proficiency with Early Literacy Skills Difficult for Some Students to Achieve? |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
How Should We Assess Early Literacy? |
|
|
30 | (7) |
|
Characteristics of a Good Assessment Technique |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Selecting an Assessment Technique |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
Interpreting the Information |
|
|
33 | (3) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
How Should We Provide Early Literacy Intervention? |
|
|
37 | (6) |
|
Characteristics of a Good Intervention |
|
|
37 | (3) |
|
Selecting an Intervention |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
How Do I Know If the Intervention Is Working? |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (30) |
|
Producing Measurable Increases in Reading Fluency |
|
|
73 | (38) |
|
Why Is Fluency Important? |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
Fluent Readers Are More Likely to Comprehend |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Fluent Readers Are More Likely to Choose to Read |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Fluent Reading Is Less Effortful |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Assessing Reading Fluency Using CBM |
|
|
76 | (12) |
|
Why Conduct Oral Reading Fluency Assessments? |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (6) |
|
Steps and Interpretation of Oral Reading Fluency Assessments |
|
|
83 | (5) |
|
Empirically Validated Reading Interventions |
|
|
88 | (9) |
|
|
89 | (5) |
|
Phrase Drill Error Correction |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Modeling: Listening while Reading |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Teaching Words in Isolation: Folding-In |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
The Context for Reading Intervention: Putting the Components Together |
|
|
97 | (7) |
|
Prioritizing Intervention Strategies |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
When You Can't Go Lower in the Curricular Basal Series |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (4) |
|
|
104 | (7) |
|
|
111 | (38) |
|
Prereading/Previewing Comprehension Activities |
|
|
111 | (11) |
|
Clarify the Purpose of Reading |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Help Students Estimate the General Content of the Text |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Teach the Tells Procedure: Title-Examine-Look-Look-Setting |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (4) |
|
Choosing What Students Read |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
Comprehension Activities during Reading |
|
|
122 | (6) |
|
Reading Comprehension Activities |
|
|
122 | (2) |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
Student Comprehension during Reading |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Concluding Remarks on Comprehension Strategies Used during Reading |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Postreading Comprehension Activities |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Question-and-Answer Relationship Training |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
SQ3R: Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Restate |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
POSSE: Predict, Organize, Search, Summarize, and Evaluate |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Using Rewards to Improve Comprehension |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
|
133 | (6) |
|
Oral Retell Measures of Comprehension |
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
Examiner-Written Comprehension Questions |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Cautious Decision Making Based on Comprehension Assessment |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Concluding Comments on Comprehension Strategies |
|
|
139 | (10) |
|
Accountability: The Measure of Professional Performance |
|
|
149 | (28) |
|
The Importance of Accountable Practice |
|
|
150 | (5) |
|
Overcoming Sources of Professional Error in Practice |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
The Need for Local Validation of Outcomes for Professional Services |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
The Changing Context for Meeting the Needs of Students with Reading Problems |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
Rounding Out Your Reading Intervention-Based Services with an Accountability Component |
|
|
155 | (19) |
|
An Explicit Model of Service Delivery |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
An Explicit Model of Accountability |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
Data Summarization Methods |
|
|
157 | (6) |
|
Pulling the Data Together and Reporting Results |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
Gauging Your Outcomes: Establishing a Basis for Comparison |
|
|
166 | (5) |
|
Sharing Your Results with Others |
|
|
171 | (3) |
|
|
174 | (3) |
References |
|
177 | (12) |
Index |
|
189 | |