Introducing Child Psychology

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Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-10-17
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
List Price: $171.68

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Summary

Introducing Child Psychology is for all those who want to find out what psychology can tell us about the nature and development of children. Assuming no prior knowledge, it is designed to suit students of psychology at school or university, those training to work with children in a variety of different professional roles, or general readers who are interested in what makes a child ls"tickrs". The book begins with an explanation of the aims and principles of child psychology as a scientific discipline, and describes the methods used to obtain knowledge about children. It then goes on to present the major topics of development that have been investigated by psychologists, paying particular attention to the most recent research findings. Throughout, psychological knowledge is consistently related to practical issues, showing what psychology has to offer in real-life situations involving children.

Author Biography

H. Rudolph Schaffer is Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, and has written extensively on various aspects of child development. His recent publications include Making Decisions About Children (2nd edition, Blackwell Publishers, 1998) and Social Development (Blackwell Publishers, 1996). He is also editor of the journal Social Development.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xv
Preface xvii
About the Author xix
1 Finding Out about Children 2(16)
What is Child Psychology?
4(4)
Nature and aims
4(2)
Methods
6(1)
Cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches
7(1)
Why Do We Need Child Psychology?
8(8)
Answering questions: The subjective way
9(2)
Answering questions: The objective way
11(4)
The role of theory
15(1)
Summary
16(1)
Further reading
16(2)
2 The Nature of Childhood 18(20)
What is a Child?
20(1)
Historical Perspective
21(5)
The child as miniature adult
21(2)
The child as victim
23(1)
Today's child
24(2)
Cultural Perspective
26(6)
Variations in childrearing practices
26(3)
Individualistic and collectivistic orientations
29(2)
Personality development viewed cross-culturally
31(1)
Adults' Thinking about Children
32(4)
The nature of belief systems
33(1)
Links to child development
34(2)
Summary
36(1)
Further reading
36(2)
3 Beginning Life 38(44)
Our Inheritance
40(12)
Genetic transmission
40(3)
Genetic disorders
43(2)
Nature and nurture
45(5)
Fact and fiction concerning genes
50(2)
From Conception to Birth
52(8)
Stages of prenatal development
53(2)
Environmental influences on prenatal development
55(5)
The Newborn's Adjustment to the World
60(20)
Childbirth and its psychological consequences
60(2)
Prematurely born children
62(3)
How the world looks to newborns
65(6)
Action patterns and the brain
71(7)
Parental adjustment
78(2)
Summary
80(1)
Further reading
81(1)
4 Forming Relationships 82(40)
The Nature of Relationships
85(2)
Families
87(13)
Families as systems
87(6)
Family variety and child development
93(4)
Divorce and its consequences
97(3)
Developing Attachments
100(12)
The nature and functions of attachments
100(1)
Developmental course
101(4)
Security-insecurity
105(5)
Internal working models
110(2)
Relationships among Peers
112(7)
Horizontal and vertical relationships
113(2)
Contribution of peer relationships to development
115(1)
Status within peer groups
116(3)
Summary
119(1)
Further reading
120(2)
5 Emotional Development 122(36)
What are Emotions?
125(6)
Nature and functions
125(1)
Biological basis
126(5)
Developmental course
131(1)
Children's Conception of Emotion
131(9)
The emergence of emotion language
133(1)
Conversations about emotions
134(3)
Thinking about emotions
137(3)
Socialization of Emotions
140(8)
Acquiring display rules
142(2)
Parental influences
144(4)
Emotional Competence
148(8)
What is emotional competence?
148(2)
From other-control to self-control
150(2)
Why do children differ in emotional competence?
152(4)
Summary
156(1)
Further reading
157(1)
6 The Child as Scientist: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development 158(34)
Overview
160(7)
Aims and methods
161(3)
Basic features of theory
164(3)
Stages of Cognitive Development
167(15)
Sensorimotor stage
168(3)
Preoperational stage
171(6)
Concrete operations stage
177(4)
Formal operations stage
181(1)
Pros and Cons of Piagetian Theory
182(8)
Contributions
182(2)
Shortcomings
184(6)
Summary
190(1)
Further reading
191(1)
7 The Child as Apprentice: Vygotsky's Theory of Socio-cognitive Development 192(28)
Overview
194(8)
The man
194(1)
The theory
195(7)
From Other-assistance to Self assistance
202(13)
What goes on in the zone of proximal development?
202(1)
Horn do adults assist children s task performance?
203(5)
What makes for effective assistance?
208(1)
Can peers act as tutors?
209(1)
What role do cultural factors play in adult-child tutoring?
210(3)
Is joint, problem solving superior to working alone?
213(2)
Evaluation
215(3)
Contributions
215(2)
Shortcomings
217(1)
Summary
218(1)
Further reading
219(1)
8 Children as Information Processors 220(46)
Modelling Mental Activity
222(5)
Is the mind a computer?
222(5)
The Nature of Thought
227(15)
The problem of access
227(4)
Symbolic representation: Language, play, drawing
231(11)
Organizing the Mind
242(6)
Forming concepts
243(4)
Constructing scripts
247(1)
Memorizing
248(10)
The nature of memory
248(2)
The development of memory
250(4)
Autobiographical memory
254(3)
Children as eyewitnesses
257(1)
Thinking about People
258(6)
Describing others
259(1)
Explaining others
260(4)
Summary
264(1)
Further reading
265(1)
9 Using Language 266(38)
What is Language?
268(6)
The nature and functions of language
268(3)
A uniquely human ability?
271(3)
The Developmental Course of Language
274(17)
First words
275(3)
Forming sentences
278(2)
Are there critical periods in language acquisition?
280(6)
Communicative competence
286(3)
A note on literacy
289(2)
Explaining Language Acquisition
291(11)
Behavioural approaches
292(1)
Nativist approaches
293(1)
Social interaction approaches
294(8)
Summary
302(1)
Further reading
303(1)
10 Towards Adulthood 304(39)
Becoming a Person
306(20)
Biological underpinnings of individuality
306(2)
Constructing a self
308(3)
Self-esteem: Its nature and development
311(3)
The self in adolescence
314(3)
Influences on self-development
317(3)
Acquiring a sense of gender
320(6)
Continuity and Change
326(15)
Investigating continuity
327(3)
Predicting from early behaviour
330(5)
Predicting from early experience
335(3)
Tracing developmental trajectories
338(3)
Summary
341(1)
Further reading
342(1)
Glossary 343(4)
References 347(19)
Name Index 366(7)
Subject Index 373

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