Laboratory Investigations in Anatomy & Physiology Main Version,9780805353211

Laboratory Investigations in Anatomy & Physiology Main Version

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780805353211
ISBN10: 0805353216
Format: Spiral Bound
Pub. Date: 2006-01-10
Publisher(s): Pearson
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Summary

This concise lab manual moves beyond "cookbook"-style lab instruction to help you develop the investigative skills required for a successful career in health care. Consistently emphasizing the relationship between structure and function, author Stephen Sarikas guides you in predicting outcomes and interpreting what you experience in the lab. Through the use of an engaging "connected learning" technique, each exercise step builds on the last to help you understand complex ideas and make connections between concepts. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
Exercise 1 Body Organization and Terminology
1(16)
Using Anatomical Terms to Describe Body Organization
2(3)
Defining Anatomical Planes and Sections
5(1)
Identifying Organs and Organ Systems
6(3)
Identifying Anatomical Regions
9(3)
Exploring the Body Cavities
12(1)
Examining the General Organization of Serous Membranes
12(5)
Review Sheet: Body Organization and Terminology
15(2)
Exercise 2 Care and Use of the Compound Light Microscope
17(10)
Learning the Parts of a Light Microscope
18(1)
Viewing a Specimen with the Compound Microscope
19(1)
Viewing the Letter e
20(1)
Perceiving Depth of Field
21(1)
Using the Oil Immersion Lens
21(1)
Determining the Diameter of the Field of View
22(5)
Review Sheet: Care and Use of the Compound Light Microscope
25(2)
The Cell
Exercise 3 Cell Structure and Cell Division
27(12)
Preparing a Wet Mount of Cheek Epithelial Cells
31(2)
Light Microscopic Observations of Various Cell Types
33(1)
Examining a Model of a Typical Eukaryotic Cell
33(1)
Electron Microscopic Observations of Cells
34(2)
Examining the Stages of Mitosis
36(3)
Review Sheet: Cell Structure and Cell Division
37(2)
Exercise 4 Membrane Transport
39(10)
Demonstrating Simple Diffusion
42(2)
Demonstrating Membrane Permeability
44(1)
Observing Osmosis
45(4)
Review Sheet: Membrane Transport
47(2)
Tissues
Exercise 5 Epithelial and Connective Tissues
49(18)
Microscopic Observations of Epithelial Tissue
50(6)
Microscopic Observations of Connective Tissue
56(11)
Review Sheet: Epithelial and Connective Tissues
63(4)
The Integumentary System
Exercise 6 The Integumentary System
67(10)
Examining Fingerprint Patterns
69(1)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Skin
69(1)
Examining the Accessory Structures of Skin
70(3)
Examining the Anatomical Model of Skin
73(1)
Examining the Structure of Nails
73(4)
Review Sheet: The Integumentary System
75(2)
The Skeletal System
Exercise 7 Introduction to the Skeletal System and the Axial Skeleton
77(28)
Classifying Bones According to Shape
77(1)
Classifying Bones According to Location
78(3)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Bone
81(1)
Examining the Gross Anatomy and Arrangement of Compact and Spongy Bone
81(2)
Identifying the Bones of the Skull
83(4)
Identifying the Bony Landmarks and Openings of the Skull
87(1)
Examining the Fetal Skull
87(3)
Examining the General Features of the Vertebral Column
90(2)
Examining the Unique Features of Specific Vertebrae
92(3)
Examining the Structure of the Thoracic Cage
95(10)
Review Sheet: Introduction to the Skeletal System and the Axial Skeleton
99(6)
Exercise 8 The Appendicular Skeleton
105(20)
Examination of the Upper Extremity
106(4)
Examination of the Lower Extremity
110(15)
Review Sheet: The Appendicular Skeleton
119(6)
Exercise 9 Articulations
125(22)
Examining the Structure of Fibrous Joints
126(3)
Examining the Structure of Cartilaginous Joints
129(2)
Understanding the Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
131(1)
Examining the Structure and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints
131(5)
Examining the Structure of Specific Synovial Joints
136(11)
Review Sheet: Articulations
145(2)
The Muscular System
Exercise 10 Histology of Muscle Tissue
147(10)
Light Microscopic Structure of Skeletal Muscle
147(1)
Light Microscopic Structure of Cardiac Muscle
148(1)
Light Microscopic Structure of Smooth Muscle
149(1)
Examining Skeletal Muscle Cells in Three Dimensions
150(1)
Examining the Neuromuscular Junction at a Skeletal Muscle Cell
151(2)
Observing the Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
153(4)
Review Sheet: Histology of Muscle Tissue
155(2)
Exercise 11 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
157(60)
Identifying Muscles of the Head
158(7)
Identifying Muscles of the Neck
165(4)
Identifying Respiratory Muscles of the Thorax
169(3)
Identifying Abdominal Wall Muscles
172(2)
Identifying Deep Back Muscles
174(3)
Identifying Pelvic Floor Muscles
177(1)
Identifying Anterior Shoulder Muscles
178(2)
Identifying Posterior Shoulder Muscles
180(4)
Identifying Anterior Arm Muscles
184(3)
Identifying Triceps Brachii
187(1)
Identifying Anterior Forearm Muscles
187(5)
Identifying Posterior Forearm Muscles
192(3)
Identifying Intrinsic Hand Muscles
195(3)
Identifying Gluteal Muscles
198(2)
Identifying Anterior Thigh Muscles
200(3)
Identifying Medial Thigh Muscles
203(1)
Identifying Posterior Thigh Muscles
204(1)
Identifying Anterior Leg Muscles
205(1)
Identifying Lateral Leg Muscles
206(2)
Identifying Posterior Leg Muscles
208(2)
Identifying Intrinsic Foot Muscles
210(7)
Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
213(4)
Exercise 12 Physiology of the Muscular System
217(14)
Demonstrating Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
219(1)
Examining Resistance Versus Contraction Speed
220(1)
Demonstrating Multiple Motor Unit Summation
220(1)
Demonstrating Muscle Fatigue
221(1)
Testing Muscle Flexibility
222(2)
Recording EMG Using the BIOPAC System
224(7)
Review Sheet: Physiology of the Muscular System
229(2)
The Nervous System
Exercise 13 Histology of Nervous Tissue
231(16)
Identifying Major Components of Multipolar Neurons
236(1)
Examining the Synapse
237(1)
Examining Microscopic Structure of the Cerebrum
238(1)
Examining Microscopic Structure of the Cerebellum
239(1)
Examining Microscopic Structure of the Spinal Cord
240(2)
Examining Microscopic Structure of Spinal Nerve Roots
242(1)
Examining Microscopic Structure of Peripheral Nerves
242(2)
Demonstrating the Significance of the Myelin Sheath
244(3)
Review Sheet: Histology of Nervous Tissue
245(2)
Exercise 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves
247(30)
Dissecting the Sheep Meninges
251(5)
Dissecting Surface Structures on the Sheep Brain
256(1)
Examining a Midsagittal Section of the Sheep Brain
257(1)
Examining a Coronal Section of the Sheep Brain
258(1)
Examining Brain Ventricles and CSF Flow
259(1)
Electroencephalography Using the Biopac Student Lab System
260(3)
Identifying the Origins of the Cranial Nerves
263(2)
Identifying the Openings for the Cranial Nerves
265(1)
Testing the Functions of Cranial Nerves
266(11)
Review Sheet: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
273(4)
Exercise 15 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
277(10)
Identifying Spinal Meninges and Associated Structures
277(3)
Examining the Gross Anatomy
280(2)
Using a Two-Point Discrimination Test
282(2)
Testing General Sensory Function in Dermatomes
284(3)
Review Sheet: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
285(2)
Exercise 16 Human Reflex Physiology
287(10)
Assessing Coordination
288(1)
Assessing Balance
288(1)
Assessing Coordinated Movement and Balance
289(3)
Reflex Tests for the Upper Extremity
292(1)
Reflex Tests for the Lower Extremity
292(5)
Review Sheet: Human Reflex Physiology
295(2)
Exercise 17 Special Senses
297(30)
Examining the Anatomy of Olfactory Structures
299(1)
Testing Olfactory Adaptation
300(2)
Examining the Anatomy of Gustatory Structures
302(1)
Testing Gustatory Sensations
302(4)
Examining the Anatomy of Vision Structures
306(5)
Performing Visual Tests
311(7)
Examining Ear Anatomy
318(3)
Performing Hearing Tests
321(6)
Review Sheet: Special Senses
323(4)
The Endocrine System
Exercise 18 The Endocrine System
327(16)
Examining Gross Anatomy of the Endocrine System
327(9)
Examining Microscopic Anatomy of Endocrine Organs
336(7)
Review Sheet: The Endocrine System
341(2)
The Cardiovascular System
Exercise 19 Blood Cells
343(12)
Identifying Blood Cells
344(1)
Identifying White Blood Cell Types
345(1)
Performing a Differential White Blood Cell Count
346(3)
Determining Your Blood Type
349(6)
Review Sheet: Blood Cells
353(2)
Exercise 20 Gross Anatomy of the Heart
355(16)
Examining the Organization of the Pericardium
355(2)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart
357(3)
Identifying the Blood Vessels of the Coronary Circulation
360(2)
Tracing the Flow of Blood Through the Heart Chambers
362(1)
Dissection of the Sheep Heart
363(8)
Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Heart
367(4)
Exercise 21 Anatomy of Blood Vessels
371(22)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Blood Vessels
373(3)
Identifying the Major Blood Vessels in the Pulmonary Circuit
376(1)
Identifying the Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation
377(6)
Identifying the Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation
383(6)
Identifying Collateral Pathways in the Systemic Circulation
389(4)
Review Sheet: Anatomy of Blood Vessels
391(2)
Exercise 22 Cardiovascular Physiology
393(14)
Listening for Heart Sounds
394(2)
Measuring Blood Pressure
396(1)
Examining the Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure
397(1)
Measuring the Pulse Rate
398(1)
Examining the Effect of Exercise on Pulse Rate
398(2)
Using the Biopac Student Lab System to Measure and Evaluate the Electrical Activity of the Heart
400(7)
Review Sheet: Cardiovascular Physiology
405(2)
The Lymphatic System
Exercise 23 The Lymphatic System
407(14)
Examining the Gross Anatomical Structure of the Lymphatic System
407(6)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Lymphatic Structures
413(3)
Observing the Antigen-Antibody Reaction Using Immunodiffusion
416(5)
Review Sheet: The Lymphatic System
419(2)
The Respiratory System
Exercise 24 Anatomy of the Respiratory System
421(18)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Nose and Nasal Cavity
421(2)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Pharynx
423(1)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Larynx
423(2)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Trachea
425(1)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
426(2)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree
428(1)
Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Respiratory Mucosa
429(1)
Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Trachea
430(1)
Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Lungs
431(8)
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Respiratory System
435(4)
Exercise 25 Respiratory Physiology
439(14)
Examining Pulmonary Ventilation
441(3)
Measuring Respiratory Volumes
444(1)
Calculating Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
445(2)
Predicting and Measuring Vital Capacity
447(1)
Using the Biopac Student Lab System to Measure Depth of Ventilation and Breathing Rate
448(5)
Review Sheet: Respiratory Physiology
451(2)
The Digestive System
Exercise 26 Anatomy of the Digestive System
453(30)
Examining the General Organization of the Peritoneum
456(1)
Examining the Gross Anatomical Structure of the Alimentary Canal
456(7)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Teeth, Salivary Glands, and Tongue
463(3)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
466(3)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Alimentary Canal
469(6)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Accessory Digestive Organs
475(8)
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Digestive System
479(4)
Exercise 27 Actions of a Digestive Enzyme
483(8)
Conducting the Control Tests
484(1)
Testing for the Presence of Starch and Disaccharides in Various Beverages
485(1)
Testing the Effect of pH on Amylase Activity
486(5)
Review Sheet: Actions of a Digestive Enzyme
489(2)
The Urinary System
Exercise 28 Anatomy of the Urinary System
491(14)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System
492(2)
Examining the Nephron
494(2)
Examining the Blood Supply of the Kidney
496(1)
Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of the Urinary System
496(5)
Dissecting a Kidney
501(4)
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Urinary System
503(2)
Exercise 29 Urinary Physiology
505(8)
Examining the Physical Characteristics of Urine
507(1)
Measuring the Specific Gravity of Urine
508(1)
Examining the Chemical Characteristics of Urine
509(1)
Examining a Urine Sample Microscopically
510(3)
Review Sheet: Urinary Physiology
511(2)
The Reproductive Systems
Exercise 30 The Male Reproductive System
513(10)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
515(3)
Examining the Microscopic Anatomy of Male Reproductive Organs
518(5)
Review Sheet: The Male Reproductive System
521(2)
Exercise 31 The Female Reproductive System
523(20)
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
525(4)
Identifying Homologous Reproductive Structures
529(1)
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Female Reproductive Organs
529(14)
Review Sheet: The Female Reproductive System
553
Appendix A: Writing a Laboratory Report 543(2)
Appendix B: Weights and Measures 545(2)
Photo Credits 547(2)
Index 549

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