Light-Matter Interaction Atoms and Molecules in External Fields and Nonlinear Optics

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Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-12-15
Publisher(s): Wiley-VCH
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Summary

This book draws together the principal ideas that form the basis of atomic, molecular, and optical science and engineering. It covers the basics of atoms, diatomic molecules, atoms and molecules in static and electromagnetic fields and nonlinear optics. Exercises and bibliographies supplement each chapter, while several appendices present such important background information as physics and math definitions, atomic and molecular data, and tensor algebra.Accessible to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, or researchers who have been trained in one of the conventional curricula of physics, chemistry, or engineering but who need to acquire familiarity with adjacent areas in order to pursue their research goals.

Author Biography

Wendell Hill holds the rank of Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with appointments in the Institute for Physical Science and Technology and the Department of Physics. He received a B.A. in physics from the University of California, Irvine, in 1974 and a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University in 1980. He is a guest worker at NIST, where he was a postdoc before joining the faculty of the University of Maryland in 1982, and has held visiting positions with Instituto Venezalano de Investigaciones (Venezuela), UniversitT de Paris-Sud, Orsay France and JILA. Professor Hill?s research interests are broad with publications ranging from high-energy particle physics to atom optics. His current investigations are centered around ultrafast dynamics, coherent control, strong-field laser-matter interaction, atom optics and quantum information.<br> <br> Chi H. Lee received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1959, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in applied physics from Harvard University in 1962 and 1968, respectively. Since 1968 he has been with the University of Maryland, where he is now a Professor Emeritus of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. His areas of research include ultrafast optoelectronics, lasers, electro-optic devices and microwave photonics. Professor Lee is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Optical Society of America and the Photonic Society of Chinese Americans. He served as the Chairman of the IEEE MTT-technical committee for lightwave technology and the Microwave Photonics committee of the IEEE LEOS.<br>

Table of Contents

Prefacep. XIII
Light-Matter Interaction: Atoms, Molecules and External Fieldsp. 1
Hydrogen-Like Ion: An Atom (Ion) With One Electronp. 3
Bohr Model of the Atomp. 4
Hydrogen-Like Ions, Quantum Approach: Bound Statesp. 7
Angular Wavefunctionsp. 7
Radial Wavefunction and Energy Statesp. 10
Exact Radial Solution, Hydrogen-Like Ionsp. 23
Energy Units and Atomic Statesp. 17
Classification of Nonrelativistic Statesp. 19
Parityp. 20
Degeneracyp. 20
Corrections to the Energy Levelsp. 21
Relativistic Motionp. 21
Electron Spin and the Dirac Equationp. 22
Classification of Relativistic Hydrogen Statesp. 26
Hydrogen-Like Ion Wavefunction Including Spinp. 27
Fine Structure and Spin-Orbit Interactionp. 28
Rydberg Seriesp. 29
Continuum Statesp. 30
Further Readingp. 31
Problemsp. 31
The Structure of the Multielectron Atomp. 33
Overviewp. 33
Angular Momentum Coupling Schemesp. 40
LS or Russell-Saunders Couplingp. 40
jj Couplingp. 45
Intermediate or Pair Couplingp. 45
Recoupling Between Coupling Schemesp. 48
Fine Structurep. 49
Further Readingp. 51
Problemsp. 51
Atoms in Static Fieldsp. 53
External Electric and Magnetic Fieldsp. 53
Stark Effectp. 53
Linear Stark Effectp. 57
Quadratic Stark Effectp. 59
Zeeman Effectp. 60
Hyperfine Structurep. 61
Magnetic Interactionp. 61
Explicit Expression for A[subscript l]p. 62
Hyperfine Zeeman Effectp. 65
Electric Quadrupole Correctionp. 65
Further Readingp. 66
Problemsp. 66
Atoms in AC Fieldsp. 69
Applied EM Fieldsp. 69
Radiation Hamiltonianp. 69
Coulomb or Radiation Gaugep. 71
Free-Electron Wavefunctionp. 71
Radiative Transitionsp. 72
One-Photon Transitionsp. 74
Two-Photon Transitionsp. 75
Transition Rate: Fermi's Golden Rulep. 76
Degeneracyp. 78
Narrow and Broad Sourcesp. 79
Transition Strength: Absorptionp. 79
Line Strengthp. 73
Cross Sectionp. 80
Oscillator Strengthp. 80
Transition Strength: Emissionp. 81
Selection Rules for Atomic Transitionsp. 82
Electric Dipole (E1) Transitionsp. 82
Magnetic Dipole (M1) Transitionsp. 84
Electric Quadrupole (E2) Transitionsp. 84
Atomic Spectrap. 85
Rydberg Seriesp. 85
Autoionizationp. 89
Photoionization with Intense Lasersp. 92
Further Readingp. 94
Problemsp. 94
Diatomic Moleculesp. 97
The Hamiltonianp. 98
Born-Oppenheimer Approximationp. 99
Nuclear Equationp. 101
Harmonic Approximation of U(R)p. 102
Beyond the Harmonic Approximation of U(R)p. 104
Vibrating Rotatorp. 105
Analytic Expression for U(R)p. 107
More Accurate Techniquesp. 107
Electronic Statesp. 109
Angular Momenta in Cylindrically Symmetric Fieldsp. 110
Orbital Angular Momentump. 111
Spin Angular Momentump. 111
Multiplet Splittingp. 112
Total Angular Momentump. 112
Labeling Nomenclaturep. 113
Angular Momenta Coupling: Hund's Casesp. 114
Hund's Case (a)p. 114
Hund's Case (b)p. 116
Hund's Case (c)p. 117
Hund's Case (d)p. 118
Molecular Symmetries: Electronic Motionp. 118
Inversion Symmetryp. 119
Reflection Symmetry and [sigma] States ([Lambda] = 0)p. 121
Reflection Symmetry and [Lambda NotEqual] 0 Statesp. 122
Exchange of Nucleip. 122
Molecular Symmetries: Nuclear Motionp. 123
Molecular Symmetries: Herzberg Bookkeeping Diagramp. 123
The case [Characters not reproducible]p. 124
The case [Characters not reproducible]p. 124
Molecular Symmetries: Nuclear Spinp. 126
Examplep. 127
Molecular State Labeling Conventionp. 128
Rule 1: Ground Statep. 128
Rule 2: Excited States with Ground-State Multiplicityp. 128
Rule 3: Excited States with Different Multiplicityp. 128
Molecular Orbital Theoryp. 128
United Atom Constructionp. 131
Separated Atom Constructionp. 132
Further Readingp. 135
Problemsp. 135
Molecules in External Fieldsp. 137
Introductionp. 137
Electronic Transitionsp. 137
General Selection Rulesp. 139
Case-Specific Selection Rulesp. 139
Hund's case (a)p. 140
Hund's case (b)p. 140
Hund's case (c)p. 140
Hund's case (d)p. 141
Examplesp. 141
AC Tunneling Ionizationp. 142
Further Readingp. 146
Problemsp. 146
Light-Matter Interaction: Nonlinear Opticsp. 149
Nonlinear Opticsp. 151
Introductionp. 151
Phenomenological Descriptionp. 152
Second-Harmonic Generationp. 154
Electrooptic Effect, X[superscript (2)] (w; 0, w)p. 156
Optical Rectification X[superscript (2)] (0; w, -w)p. 157
Parametric Generation X[superscript (2)] (w[subscript s]; w[superscript p], w[superscript i])p. 158
Third-Order Nonlinear Effectp. 158
Nonlinear d coefficientp. 159
Further Readingp. 165
Problemsp. 165
Wave Propagationp. 167
Nonlinear Wave Equationp. 167
Phase Matching in SHGp. 170
Phase Matching of SHG in KDPp. 171
Noncollinear Momentum Matchingp. 176
Experimental Arrangementp. 178
Parametric Interactionp. 179
Coupled Equationsp. 179
Parametric Amplificationp. 184
Parametric Oscillationp. 188
Tuning of OPOp. 190
The Manley-Rowe Relationsp. 192
Parametric Upconversionp. 194
Problemsp. 196
Quantum Theoryp. 199
Introductionp. 199
Density Matrix Formalismp. 199
Perturbation Methodp. 201
Transition Probabilityp. 203
Two-Photon Absorptionp. 208
Scattering Cross Sectionp. 211
Three-Photon Absorptionp. 212
Doppler-Free Two-Photon Absorptionp. 213
Calculation of Susceptibilityp. 215
Third-Order Nonlinear Susceptibilityp. 218
Problemsp. 221
Applicationsp. 223
Optical Harmonic Generationp. 223
Theory of Light Wave at Boundaryp. 224
Criteria of Null Transmitted SHGp. 228
Experimental Observations of the Second-Harmonic Generation at Oblique Incidencep. 231
SHG due to Reflection from Mediap. 237
Nonlinear Electroreflectancep. 242
Near-Field Second-Harmonic Microscopyp. 244
Terahertz Pulse Generationp. 250
Problemsp. 257
Appendices
Atomic Physics Definitionsp. 259
Air and Vacuum Wavelengthsp. 260
Wavenumberp. 260
Fine-Structure Constantp. 260
Atomic Energy Unit (Hartree)p. 261
Rydberg Energy Unitp. 261
eV Energy Unitp. 261
Massp. 262
Lengthp. 262
Atomic Velocity and Momentump. 263
Atomic Time Scalep. 263
Atomic Field Strengthp. 264
Atomic Unit of Dipole Momentp. 264
Magnetic Momentsp. 264
Electron Magnetic Momentp. 264
Proton Magnetic Momentp. 266
Neutron Magnetic Momentp. 267
Magnetic Moment of the Nucleusp. 267
Quadrupole Moment of the Nucleusp. 267
Frequently Used AMO Quantitiesp. 268
Mathematics Related to AMO Calculationsp. 269
Kronecker Delta, [delta subscript ij]p. 269
Dirac Delta Function, [delta] (x - x[subscript o])p. 269
Hypergeometric Seriesp. 270
Confluent Hypergeometric Seriesp. 271
Associated Laguerre Polynomialsp. 271
Legendre and Associated Legendre Functionsp. 271
Spherical Harmonicsp. 273
Mathematical Formalism of Quantum Mechanicsp. 274
Summaryp. 279
Schrodinger's Equation in Parabolic Coordinatesp. 280
Voigt Line Profilep. 283
Further Readingp. 284
Atomic and Molecular Datap. 285
NIST Online Datap. 285
NIST Online Atomic Datap. 285
NSIT Online Molecular Datap. 285
Molecular Constantsp. 285
Filling Subshellsp. 286
Electronic Configurationsp. 287
Coupling Angular Momentap. 289
Two Angular Momenta and 3-j Symbolsp. 289
Properties of 3-j Symbolsp. 290
Three Angular Momenta and 6-j Symbolsp. 291
Four Angular Momenta and 9-j Symbolsp. 292
Tensor Algebrap. 293
Spherical Tensorsp. 293
Commutation Relationsp. 294
Reduced Matrix Elementsp. 294
Matrix Elements of Products of Operatorsp. 296
Further Readingp. 300
Referencesp. 301
Indexp. 305
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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