Preface |
|
xiv | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xvi | |
About the Authors |
|
xviii | |
Commonly Used Symbols |
|
xix | |
Abbreviations and Acronyms |
|
xx | |
|
From Art to Engineering in Finance |
|
|
1 | (20) |
|
Investment Management Process |
|
|
2 | (8) |
|
Step 1: Setting Investment Objectives |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Step 2: Establishing an Investment Policy |
|
|
2 | (4) |
|
Step 3: Selecting a Portfolio Strategy |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Step 4: Selecting the Specific Assets |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
Step 5: Measuring and Evaluating Performance |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Financial Engineering in Historical Perspective |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
The Role of Information Technology |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
Industry's Evaluation of Modeling Tools |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Information |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
Principles for Engineering a Suite of Models |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (3) |
|
Overview of Financial Markets, Financial Assets, and Market Participants |
|
|
21 | (54) |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
|
25 | (9) |
|
Classification of Financial Markets |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Economic Functions of Financial Markets |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (7) |
|
Overview of Market Participants |
|
|
34 | (11) |
|
Role of Financial Intermediaries |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
Endowments and Foundations |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (6) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
51 | (6) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
Provisions for Paying off Bonds |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Options Granted to Bondholders |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Futures and Forward Contracts |
|
|
57 | (7) |
|
Futures versus Forward Contracts |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Risk and Return Characteristics of Futures Contracts |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
Pricing of Futures Contracts |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
The Role of Futures in Financial Markets |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (5) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (4) |
|
Milestones in Financial Modeling and Investment Management |
|
|
75 | (16) |
|
The Precursors: Pareto, Walras, and the Lausanne School |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
Price Diffusion: Bachelier |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
The Ruin Problem in Insurance: Lundberg |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
The Principles of Investment: Markowitz |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Understanding Value: Modigliani and Miller |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
Modigliani-Miller Irrelevance Theorems and the Absence of Arbitrage |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Efficient Markets: Fama and Samuelson |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Capital Asset Pricing Model: Sharpe, Lintner, and Mossin |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
The Multifactor CAPM: Merton |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Ross |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Arbitrage, Hedging, and Option Theory: Black, Scholes, and Merton |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (50) |
|
|
93 | (3) |
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Elementary Properties of Sets |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (4) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
Commonly Used Rules for Computing Derivatives |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
|
111 | (10) |
|
Application to Bond Analysis |
|
|
112 | (9) |
|
|
121 | (6) |
|
Application to Bond Analysis |
|
|
122 | (5) |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
Properties of Riemann Integrals |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Lebesque-Stieltjes Integrals |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Indefinite and Improper Integrals |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
|
134 | (4) |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Calculus in More than One Variable |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
|
141 | (24) |
|
Vectors and Matrices Defined |
|
|
141 | (4) |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (3) |
|
Diagonals and Antidiagonals |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
Upper and Lower Triangular Matrix |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Systems of Linear Equations |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
Linear Independence and Rank |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Vector and Matrix Operations |
|
|
153 | (7) |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
|
156 | (4) |
|
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
Diagonalization and Similarity |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
Singular Value Decomposition |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
|
165 | (36) |
|
Representing Uncertainty with Mathematics |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
Probability in a Nutshell |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
Distributions and Distribution Functions |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (3) |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
Probabilistic Representation of Financial Markets |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
Conditional Probability and Conditional Expectation |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Sequences of Random Variables |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Independent and Identically Distributed Sequences |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (3) |
|
|
194 | (3) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
|
201 | (16) |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
|
204 | (2) |
|
|
206 | (6) |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Theory |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (22) |
|
The Intuition Behind Stochastic Integrals |
|
|
219 | (6) |
|
|
225 | (5) |
|
Properties of Brownian Motion |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
Stochastic Integrals Defined |
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
Some Properties of Ito Stochastic Integrals |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
Differential Equations and Difference Equations |
|
|
239 | (28) |
|
Differential Equations Defined |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Ordinary Differential Equations |
|
|
240 | (3) |
|
Order and Degree of an ODE |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations |
|
|
243 | (3) |
|
Closed-Form Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations |
|
|
246 | (3) |
|
Linear Differential Equations |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations |
|
|
249 | (7) |
|
The Finite Difference Method |
|
|
249 | (7) |
|
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos |
|
|
256 | (3) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Partial Differential Equations |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
Solution of the Diffusion Equation |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
Numerical Solution of PDEs |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
Stochastic Differential Equations |
|
|
267 | (16) |
|
The Intuition Behind Stochastic Differential Equations |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
The 1-Dimensional Ito Formula |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
Stochastic Differential Equations |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
Generalization to Several Dimensions |
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations |
|
|
278 | (4) |
|
The Arithmetic Brownian Motion |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
The Geometric Brownian Motion |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
Financial Econometrics: Time Series Concepts, Representations, and Models |
|
|
283 | (32) |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Stylized Facts of Financial Time Series |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
Infinite Moving-Average and Autoregressive Representation of Time Series |
|
|
288 | (9) |
|
Univariate Stationary Series |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
Stationary Univariate Moving Average |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Multivariate Stationary Series |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
297 | (8) |
|
Stationary Univariate ARMA Models |
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
Nonstationary Univariate ARMA Models |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Stationary Multivariate ARMA Models |
|
|
301 | (3) |
|
Nonstationary Multivariate ARMA Models |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Markov Coefficients and ARMA Models |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Hankel Matrices and ARMA Models |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
State-Space Representation |
|
|
305 | (4) |
|
Equivalence of State-Space and ARMA Representations |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Integrated Series and Trends |
|
|
309 | (4) |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
Financial Econometrics: Model Selection, Estimation, and Testing |
|
|
315 | (36) |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
Learning and Model Complexity |
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
Maximum Likelihood Estimate |
|
|
319 | (5) |
|
Linear Models of Financial Time Series |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
|
332 | (6) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Asset Pricing Theory (APT) Models |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
Vector Autoregressive Models |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (6) |
|
State-Space Modeling and Cointegration |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Empirical Evidence of Cointegration in Equity Prices |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Nonstationary Models of Financial Time Series |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
The ARCH/GARCH Family of Models |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
Fat Tails, Scaling, and Stable Laws |
|
|
351 | (42) |
|
Scaling, Stable Laws, and Fat Tails |
|
|
352 | (10) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
The Class £ of Fat-Tailed Distributions |
|
|
353 | (5) |
|
The Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
Extreme Value Theory for IID Processes |
|
|
362 | (16) |
|
|
362 | (6) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Generalized Extreme Value Distributions |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Point Process of Exceedances or Peaks over Threshold |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
373 | (5) |
|
Eliminating the Assumption of IID Sequences |
|
|
378 | (10) |
|
Heavy-Tailed ARMA Processes |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Scaling and Self-Similarity |
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
Evidence of Fat Tails in Financial Variables |
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
On the Applicability of Extreme Value Theory in Finance |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing: Finite-State Models |
|
|
393 | (48) |
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing in a One-Period Setting |
|
|
395 | (7) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Risk-Neutral Probabilities |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing in a Multiperiod Finite-State Setting |
|
|
402 | (21) |
|
Propagation of Information |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (9) |
|
Equivalent Martingale Measures |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
Risk-Neutral Probabilities |
|
|
416 | (7) |
|
Path Dependence and Markov Models |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
Risk-Neutral Probabilities for the Binomial Model |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Valuation of European Simple Derivatives |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
Valuation of American Options |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing in a Discrete-Time, Continuous-State Setting |
|
|
430 | (5) |
|
|
435 | (4) |
|
|
436 | (3) |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing: Continuous-State, Continuous-Time Models |
|
|
441 | (30) |
|
The Arbitrage Principle in Continuous Time |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
Trading Strategies and Trading Gains |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing in Continuous-State, Continuous-Time |
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
|
447 | (7) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
Generalizing the Pricing of European Options |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
454 | (3) |
|
Equivalent Martingale Measures |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Equivalent Martingale Measures and Girsanov's Theorem |
|
|
459 | (4) |
|
The Diffusion Invariance Principle |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Application of Girsanov's Theorem to Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Equivalent Martingale Measures and Complete Markets |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Equivalent Martingale Measures and State Prices |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Arbitrage Pricing with a Payoff Rate |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Implications of the Absence of Arbitrage |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Working with Equivalent Martingale Measures |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
Portfolio Selection Using Mean-Variance Analysis |
|
|
471 | (40) |
|
Diversification as a Central Theme in Finance |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
Markowitz's Mean-Variance Analysis |
|
|
474 | (3) |
|
|
477 | (5) |
|
Deriving the Capital Market Line |
|
|
478 | (3) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
The CML and the Optimal Portfolio |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
Utility Functions and Indifference Curves |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Selection of the Optimal Portfolio |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Extension of the Markowitz Mean-Variance Model to Inequality Constraints |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
A Second Look at Portfolio Choice |
|
|
487 | (4) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
A Global Probabilistic Framework for Portfolio Selection |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Relaxing the Assumption of Normality |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Multiperiod Stochastic Optimization |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Application to the Asset Allocation Decision |
|
|
494 | (13) |
|
|
495 | (5) |
|
Portfolio Selection: An Example |
|
|
500 | (3) |
|
Inclusion of More Asset Classes |
|
|
503 | (4) |
|
Extensions of the Basic Asset Allocation Model |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
|
509 | (2) |
|
Capital Asset Pricing Model |
|
|
511 | (18) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Systematic and Nonsystematic Risk |
|
|
513 | (3) |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
Estimating the Characteristic Line |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (5) |
|
Deriving the Empirical Analogue of the CML |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
General Findings of Empirical Tests of the CAPM |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
A Critique of Tests of the CAPM |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Merton and Black Modifications of the CAPM |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
The Role of the CAPM in Investment Management Applications |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (3) |
|
Multifactor Models and Common Trends for Common Stocks |
|
|
529 | (22) |
|
|
530 | (7) |
|
|
532 | (5) |
|
Dynamic Market Models of Returns |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Estimation of State-Space Models |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Dynamic Models for Prices |
|
|
538 | (8) |
|
Estimation and Testing of Cointegrated Systems |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Cointegration and Financial Time Series |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Nonlinear Dynamic Models for Prices and Returns |
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
Equity Portfolio Management |
|
|
551 | (42) |
|
Integrating the Equity Portfolio Management Process |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Active versus Passive Portfolio Management |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
553 | (7) |
|
Backward-Looking versus Forward-Looking Tracking Error |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
The Impact of Portfolio Size, Benchmark Volatility, and Portfolio Beta on Tracking Error |
|
|
556 | (4) |
|
|
560 | (4) |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Style Classification Systems |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
Constructing an Indexed Portfolio |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Index Tracking and Cointegration |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
566 | (11) |
|
Top-Down Approaches to Active Investing |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Bottom-Up Approaches to Active Investing |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Law of Active Management |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
Strategies Based on Technical Analysis |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
Nonlinear Dynamic Models and Chaos |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Technical Analysis and Statistical Nonlinear Pattern Recognition |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Market-Neutral Strategies and Statistical Arbitrage |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
Application of Multifactor Risk Models |
|
|
577 | (12) |
|
|
577 | (5) |
|
Portfolio Construction and Risk Control |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Assessing the Exposure of a Portfolio |
|
|
583 | (4) |
|
Risk Control Against a Stock Market Index |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
589 | (4) |
|
Term Structure Modeling and Valuation of Bonds and Bond Options |
|
|
593 | (56) |
|
Basic Principles of Valuation of Debt Instruments |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Yield-to-Maturity Measure |
|
|
596 | (3) |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Reinvestment of Cash Flow and Yield |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
The Term Structure of the Interest Rates and the Yield Curve |
|
|
599 | (13) |
|
Limitations of Using the Yield to Value a Bond |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Valuing a Bond as a Package of Cash Flows |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Obtaining Spot Rates from the Treasury Yield Curve |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
Using Spot Rates to the Arbitrage-Free Value of a Bond |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (4) |
|
Classical Economic Theories About the Determinants of the Shape of the Term Structure |
|
|
612 | (6) |
|
|
613 | (5) |
|
Market Segmentation Theory |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Bond Valuation Formulas in Continuous Time |
|
|
618 | (5) |
|
The Term Structure of Interest Rates in Continuous Time |
|
|
623 | (15) |
|
Spot Rates: Continuous Case |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Forward Rates: Continuous Case |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Relationships for Bond and Option Valuation |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
Multifactor Term Structure Model |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
Arbitrage-Free Models versus Equilibrium Models |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Examples of One-Factor Term Structure Models |
|
|
635 | (3) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Pricing of Interest-Rate Derivatives |
|
|
638 | (2) |
|
The Heath-Jarrow-Morton Model of the Term Structure |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
The Brace-Gatarek-Musiela Model |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Discretization of Ito Processes |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
|
646 | (3) |
|
Bond Portfolio Management |
|
|
649 | (30) |
|
Management versus a Bond Market Index |
|
|
649 | (12) |
|
Tracking Error and Bond Portfolio Strategies |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors and Portfolio Management Strategies |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
Determinants of Tracking Error |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Illustration of the Multifactor Risk Model |
|
|
654 | (7) |
|
Liability-Funding Strategies |
|
|
661 | (16) |
|
|
664 | (3) |
|
|
667 | (5) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
673 | (4) |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
Credit Risk Modeling and Credit Default Swaps |
|
|
679 | (58) |
|
|
679 | (4) |
|
Single-Name Credit Default Swaps |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Credit Risk Modeling: Structural Models |
|
|
683 | (13) |
|
The Black-Scholes-Merton Model |
|
|
685 | (5) |
|
Geske Compound Option Model |
|
|
690 | (4) |
|
Barrier Structural Models |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
Advantages and Drawbacks of Structural Models |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Credit Risk Modeling: Reduced Form Models |
|
|
696 | (14) |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
The Jarrow-Turnbull Model |
|
|
698 | (5) |
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
The Duffie-Singleton Model |
|
|
706 | (4) |
|
General Observations on Reduced Form Models |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Pricing Single-Name Credit Default Swaps |
|
|
710 | (8) |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
Survival Probability and Forward Default Probability: A Recap |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Credit Default Swap Value |
|
|
713 | (3) |
|
No Need For Stochastic Hazard Rate or Interest Rate |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Delivery Option in Default Swaps |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Default Swaps with Counterparty Risk |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Valuing Basket Default Swaps |
|
|
718 | (16) |
|
|
718 | (4) |
|
How to Model Correlated Default Processes |
|
|
722 | (12) |
|
|
734 | (3) |
|
|
737 | (20) |
|
|
738 | (6) |
|
The Mathematics of Market Completeness |
|
|
739 | (3) |
|
The Economics of Market Completeness |
|
|
742 | (2) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
747 | (4) |
|
Risk Management in Asset and Portfolio Management |
|
|
751 | (4) |
|
Factors Driving Risk Management |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Risk Measurement in Practice |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Getting Down to the Lowest Level |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Regulatory Implications of Risk Measurement |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (2) |
Index |
|
757 | |