Politics in Latin America The Quests for Development, Liberty, and Governance,9780618215522

Politics in Latin America The Quests for Development, Liberty, and Governance

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780618215522
ISBN10: 0618215522
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-10-05
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

This text focuses on three unifying themes central to Latin American government today--liberty, governance, and development. The first four chapters of the text provide a historical overview, and explain the historical and theoretical importance of the three themes. Then, a close examination of 7 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, and Venezuela helps to illuminate the issues. Each country study examines how the key themes pertain to the individual country and considers their implications for the future of democracy in the region. Governing Strategies boxes highlight the differences in approach to each challenge country by country. Global Perspectives features compare Latin American countries to those outside the region. Concepts in Action show how the theories and issues discussed in the text are actually applied in political practice.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
List of Features
xxi
An Introduction to Latin American Politics
1(14)
A Tale of Two Women and Two Countries
2(4)
Jennifer's Story
2(1)
Cecilia's Story
3(2)
Comparing Two Lives and Two Political Environments
5(1)
The Challenges of Development, Liberty, and Governance
6(6)
The Search for Economic Development
6(2)
The Search for Sufficient Liberty
8(2)
The Search for Good Governance
10(2)
The Plan of This Book
12(1)
Endnotes
13(2)
A Bird's-Eye View of Latin American History
15(34)
The Colonial Era (1492-1809)
15(8)
Governing Strategies: Hernan Cortes
17(3)
The Peruvian Experience: Large Landowners in Seventeenth-Century Arequipa
20(3)
The Independence Movement (1810s and 1820s)
23(3)
The Peruvian Experience: Independence from Spain
24(2)
The Age of Political Instability (1820s to 1870s)
26(2)
The Age of State Building and Free Trade (1880s to 1920s)
28(5)
The Peruvian Experience: Caudillo Politics (1824--1895)
28(2)
The Peruvian Experience: Oligarchic Democracy and Personal Dictatorship (1895--1930)
30(3)
The Second Wave of Democratization and the Rise of State Capitalism (1930s to 1950s)
33(7)
Global Perspectives: State Capitalism in the 1940s and 1950s
35(2)
Concepts in Action: Clientelism and Voting
37(1)
The Peruvian Experience: The Slow Emergence of State Capitalism (1930--1968)
38(2)
The Age of Authoritarian Reaction (1960s and 1970s)
40(6)
Concepts in Action: Modernization Theory and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism
42(2)
The Peruvian Experience: Military Rule (1968--1980)
44(2)
Activities and Exercises
46(1)
Suggested Readings
46(1)
Endnotes
47(2)
The Context of Contemporary Latin American Politics (1980 to the Present)
49(30)
The Economic Context
50(3)
The Economic Crisis of the 1980s
50(1)
The Shift Toward More Market-Oriented Economic Policies
51(1)
The Peruvian Experience: Economic Policy from 1980 to 2000
52(1)
The International Context
53(7)
Concepts in Action: Dependency Theory
54(1)
Economic Globalization
55(1)
International Organization
56(1)
U.S.-Latin American Relations
57(1)
The Peruvian Experience: The OAS Electoral Observation Mission in 2000
58(2)
The Societal Context
60(5)
Socioeconomic Status
60(1)
Subnational Regionalism
61(1)
Ethnicity
62(1)
Gender
62(1)
Religion
63(1)
Concepts in Action: Liberation Theology
64(1)
The Political Context
65(8)
Political Parties
65(1)
Governing Strategies: Alberto Fujimori
66(1)
Electoral Politics and the Role of Clientelism
67(1)
The Role of the Military in Politics
68(2)
Global Perspectives: Military Coups in Spain and Beyond
70(3)
Democracy and the Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
73(2)
Activities and Exercises
75(1)
Suggested Readings
76(1)
Endnotes
77(2)
The Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
79(44)
The Quest for Development
80(13)
Defining Development
81(5)
Pursuing Development
86(4)
Global Perspectives: The Size of Government
90(2)
The Peruvian Experience: Economic Policy Under Toledo
92(1)
The Quest for Liberty
93(12)
Defining Liberty
94(2)
The Peruvian Experience: Freedom of the Press During the Fujimori Government
96(1)
Pursuing Liberty
97(3)
The Peruvian Experience: Human Rights Policy Under Toledo
100(3)
Concepts in Action: Case Law Versus Code Law
103(2)
The Quest for Governance
105(13)
Defining Governance
107(2)
Pursuing Governance
109(2)
Governing Strategies: Fernando Belaunde
111(5)
The Peruvian Experience: Toledo's Search for Governance
116(2)
Activities and Exercises
118(1)
Suggested Readings
119(1)
Endnotes
120(3)
Argentina
123(42)
Historical Background from 1880 to 1983
124(9)
Oligarchic Democracy in the Age of Laissez-Faire (1880--1916)
125(1)
From Expanded Suffrage to the Infamous Decade (1916--1943)
126(1)
The Rise and Fall of Juan Peron (1943-1955)
127(1)
The ``Impossible Game'' of Constrained Democracy (1955--1966)
128(1)
Governing Strategies: Evita Peron
129(1)
From Military Rule to the Return of Peron (1966-1976)
130(2)
The Military Process and the Dirty War on Subversion (1976--1983)
132(1)
Contemporary Political Framework
133(4)
The Executive Branch
133(1)
The Legislature
134(1)
Concepts in Action: Plurality Versus Proportional Representation
135(1)
The Judiciary
136(1)
Political Participation
137(6)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
137(2)
Parties and Elections
139(4)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
143(18)
The Quest for Development in Argentina
143(3)
Global Perspectives: Regional Economic Integration
146(4)
The Quest for Liberty in Argentina
150(2)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Governments Likely to Develop Civilian Control of the Military?
152(4)
The Quest for Governance in Argentina
156(4)
Future Challenges
160(1)
Activities and Exercises
161(1)
Suggested Readings
162(1)
Endnote
163(2)
Brazil
165(42)
Historical Background from 1889 to 1985
166(11)
The First Republic (1889--1930)
167(1)
Getulio Vargas and the New State (1930--1945)
167(2)
Concepts in Action: Pluralist and Corporatist Interest Group Politics
169(2)
The Second Republic (1945--1964)
171(2)
Governing Strategies: Juscelino Kubitschek
173(2)
Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Rule (1964--1985)
175(2)
Contemporary Political Framework
177(2)
The Executive Branch
177(1)
The Legislature
178(1)
The Judiciary
179(1)
Political Participation
179(7)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
180(2)
Parties and Elections
182(4)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
186(17)
The Quest for Development in Brazil
186(4)
Global Perspectives: The Asian Crisis of 1997--1998
190(2)
The Quest for Liberty in Brazil
192(5)
The Quest for Governance in Brazil
197(3)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Presidents Likely to Receive Legislative Support?
200(1)
Future Challenges
201(2)
Activities and Exercises
203(1)
Suggested Readings
203(2)
Endnotes
205(2)
Chile
207(40)
Historical Background from 1891 to 1989
208(8)
The Parliamentary Republic (1891--1924)
208(1)
The Search for Compromise amid a Divided Electorate (1925--1958)
209(1)
Concepts in Action: Land Reform
210(1)
The ``Three Thirds'' of Polarized Pluralism (1958--1973)
211(2)
Governing Strategies: Salvador Allende
213(1)
The Pinochet Regime (1973--1989)
214(2)
Contemporary Political Framework
216(3)
The Executive Branch
217(1)
The Legislature
217(1)
The Judiciary
218(1)
Political Participation
219(6)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
220(1)
Parties and Elections
221(4)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
225(18)
The Quest for Development in Chile
225(4)
The Quest for Liberty in Chile
229(1)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Governments Likely to Spend More Money on Social Policy?
230(4)
Global Perspectives: International Human Rights Trials
234(5)
The Quest for Governance in Chile
239(3)
Future Challenges
242(1)
Activities and Exercises
243(1)
Suggested Readings
244(1)
Endnotes
245(2)
Cuba
247(40)
Historical Background from 1868 to 1990
248(14)
The Struggle for Independence (1868--1901)
248(2)
Early Independence Under the Platt Amendment (1902--1933)
250(2)
From the Batista Era to Castro's Revolution (1934--1958)
252(2)
Governing Strategies: Ernesto ``Che'' Guevara
254(1)
From Victory to the Revolutionary Offensive (1959--1970)
255(3)
Concepts in Action: Command Economics
258(1)
The Institutionalization of a Soviet-Style System (1971--1985)
259(2)
The Rectification Campaign (1986--1990)
261(1)
Contemporary Political Framework
262(2)
The Executive Branch
263(1)
The Legislature
263(1)
The Judiciary
264(1)
Political Participation
264(5)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
265(2)
Parties and Elections
267(2)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
269(14)
The Quest for Development in Cuba
269(3)
Global Perspectives: Economic Reform Under Communist Rule
272(3)
The Quest for Liberty in Cuba
275(3)
The Quest for Governance in Cuba
278(2)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Countries Likely to Develop Democratic Political Systems?
280(2)
Future Challenges
282(1)
Activities and Exercises
283(1)
Suggested Readings
284(1)
Endnotes
285(2)
Guatemala
287(40)
Historical Background from 1871 to 1996
288(12)
The Liberal Revolution and Its Aftermath (1871--1944)
289(1)
The Decade of Spring (1944--1954)
290(4)
Governing Strategies: Jacobo Arbenz
294(1)
Repression and Civil War (1954--1985)
295(2)
From Civilian Rule to Peace Negotiations (1986--1996)
297(3)
Contemporary Political Framework
300(3)
The Executive Branch
301(1)
The Legislature
301(1)
The Judiciary
302(1)
Political Participation
303(5)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
303(2)
Parties and Elections
305(3)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
308(15)
The Quest for Development in Guatemala
309(2)
Global Perspectives: Contemporary Indigenous Movements
311(3)
The Quest for Liberty in Guatemala
314(1)
Concepts in Action: Peace-Making, Peace-Keeping, and Peace-Building
315(4)
The Quest for Governance in Guatemala
319(1)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Civil Wars Likely to End?
320(2)
Future Challenges
322(1)
Activities and Exercises
323(1)
Suggested Readings
324(1)
Endnotes
325(2)
Mexico
327(42)
Historical Background from 1876 to 1988
328(13)
The Porfiriato (1876--1910)
329(1)
The Mexican Revolution (1910--1928)
330(2)
The Emergence of the Revolutionary Party (1929--1940)
332(2)
The PRI and the Mexican Miracle (1940--1970)
334(1)
Governing Strategies: Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
335(2)
Change and Continuity During the Oil Boom Era (1970--1982)
337(2)
Global Perspectives: The Debt Crisis of the 1980s
339(1)
The Breakup of the PRI's Revolutionary Family (1982--1988)
340(1)
Contemporary Political Framework
341(3)
The Executive Branch
342(1)
The Legislature
342(1)
The Judiciary
343(1)
Political Participation
344(5)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
344(2)
Parties and Elections
346(3)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
349(16)
The Quest for Development in Mexico
349(3)
Concepts in Action: Exchange Rate Policy
352(3)
The Quest for Liberty in Mexico
355(4)
The Quest for Governance in Mexico
359(1)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Indigenous Rebellions More Likely to Occur?
360(3)
Future Challenges
363(2)
Activities and Exercises
365(1)
Suggested Readings
366(1)
Endnotes
367(2)
Venezuela
369(42)
Historical Background from 1908 to 1993
371(10)
Juan Vicente Gomez and His Legacy (1908--1945)
371(2)
The Trienio of the Democratic Action Party (1945--1948)
373(1)
The Perez Jimenez Dictatorship (1948--1958)
374(2)
The Rise of Two-Party Democracy (1958--1989)
376(1)
Governing Strategies: Romulo Betancourt
377(2)
Global Perspectives: Resource Wealth and Democratization
379(2)
Contemporary Political Framework
381(3)
The Executive Branch
382(1)
The Legislature
383(1)
The Judiciary
383(1)
Political Participation
384(6)
Interest Groups and Social Movements
384(2)
Parties and Elections
386(4)
The Contemporary Quest for Development, Liberty, and Governance
390(17)
The Quest for Development in Venezuela
390(4)
Research Question: Under What Conditions Are Citizens More Likely to Support Market-Oriented Economic Reform?
394(2)
The Quest for Liberty in Venezuela
396(4)
The Quest for Governance in Venezuela
400(4)
Concepts in Action: Praetorianism
404(2)
Future Challenges
406(1)
Activities and Exercises
407(1)
Suggested Readings
407(2)
Endnotes
409(2)
Challenges and Choices in the Twenty-First Century
411
The Quest for Development Revisited
413(7)
The Politics of Development as Seen Through This Book
413(2)
Development in Contemporary Latin America
415(5)
The Quest for Liberty Revisited
420(7)
The Politics of Liberty as Seen Through This Book
421(2)
Liberty in Contemporary Latin America
423(4)
The Quest for Governance Revisited
427(5)
The Politics of Governance as Seen Through This Book
427(2)
Governance in Contemporary Latin America
429(3)
Democracy in Latin America
432(14)
Development, Liberty, Governance, and Support for Democratic Rule
433(9)
The Future of Democracy in Latin America
442(4)
Activities and Exercises
446(1)
Suggested Readings
446(2)
Endnotes
448
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1

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