Precision Temperature Sensors in Cmos Technology

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-10-30
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
List Price: $249.99

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Summary

This book describes the analysis and design of precision temperature sensors in CMOS IC technology. It focusses on so-called smart temperature sensors, which provide a digital output signal that can be readily interpreted by a computer. The sensors described in this book are based on bipolar transistors, which are available as parasitic devices in standard CMOS technology. The relevant physical properties of these devices are described. It is shown in detail how their temperature characteristics can be used to obtain an accurate digital temperature reading. A sigma-delta converter plays a key role in the conversion to a digital output. Both the system-level design of such a converter, and the circuit-level implementation using both continuous-time and switched-capacitor techniques are described. Special attention is paid to the application of precision interfacing techniques, such as dynamic offset cancellation and dynamic element matching. A separate chapter is devoted to low-cost calibration techniques. Precision Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology ends with a detailed description of three realized prototypes. The final prototype achieves an inaccuracy of only ±0.1ºC (3Sigma) over the temperature range of '55ºC to 125ºC, which is the highest performance reported to date.

Author Biography

Prof. Johan Huijsing has (co) authored and edited over 20 books with Springer / Kluwer.Dr. Michiel Pertijs graduated "cum laude" for his PhD work on the Temperature Sensor

Table of Contents

Acknowledgment
Introduction
Motivation and Objectives
Basic Principles
Context of the Research
Challenges
Organization of the Book
References
Characteristics of Bipolar Transistors
Introduction
Bipolar Transistor Physics
Temperature Characteristics of Bipolar Transistors
Bipolar Transistors in Standard CMOS Technology
Processing Spread
Sensitivity to Mechanical Stress
Effect of Series Resistances and Base-Width Modulation
Effect of Variations in the Bias Current
Conclusions
References
Ratiometric Temperature Measurement Using Bipolar Transistors
Introduction
Generating an Accurate Current-Density Ratio
Generating an Accurate Bias Current
Trimming
Curvature Correction
Compensation for Finite Current-Gain
Series-Resistance Compensation
Conclusions
References
Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Introduction
Operating Principles of Sigma-Delta ADCs
First-Order Sigma-Delta Modulators
Second-Order Sigma-Delta Modulators
Decimation Filters
Filtering of Dynamic Error Signals
Conclusions
References
Precision Circuit Techniques
Introduction
Continuous-Time Circuitry
Switched-Capacitor Circuitry
Advanced Offset Cancellation Techniques
Conclusions
References
Calibration Techniques
Introduction
Conventional Calibration Techniques
Batch Calibration
Calibration based on DVBE Measurement
Voltage Reference Calibration
Conclusions
References
Realizations
A Batch-Calibrated CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor
A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor with a 3s Inaccuracy of ±0.5 C from -50 C to 120 C
A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor with a 3s Inaccuracy of ±0.1 C from -55 C to 125 C
Benchmark
References
Conclusions
Main Findings
Other Applications of this Work
Future Work
References
Appendices
A Derivation of Mismatch-Related Errors
Errors in DVBEB Resolution Limits of Sigma-Delta Modulators with a DC Input
First-Order Modulator
Second-Order Single-Loop Modulator
References
C Non-Exponential Settling Transients
Problem Description
Settling Transients from VBE1 [1] 0 to VBE2
Settling Transients from VBE1 = 0 to VBE2
Summary
About the Authors
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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