Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2007-08-30
Publisher(s): Duke Univ Pr
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Summary

An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to the reparations movement in the United States. While the movement is united in its goal of "repairing" the injustices to African Americans that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow, this anthology reveals the range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for material reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights. By activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Some essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; some examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and some explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements abroad. Others evaluate the movement's primary strategies-legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, many of them engage with arguments against reparations. Among the forty-seven primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to efforts to make amends, such as the Mandate for the Greensboro, North Carolina, Truth and Reconciliation Commission.Redress for Historical Injustices in the United Statesis a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xiii
Acknowledgmentsp. xix
On Redress for Racial Injusticep. 1
Racial Inequality and White Privilege
Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacyp. 33
Race Preferences and Race Privilegesp. 55
A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequalityp. 91
Law, Citizenship, and the State
The Case for Reparationsp. 121
Toward a Theory of Racial Reparationsp. 134
The Constitutionality of Black Reparationsp. 143
The Theory of Restitution: The African American Casep. 160
Reparations to African Americana?p. 170
Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress
"A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparationsp. 203
Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faithp. 222
The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black Americap. 238
The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparationsp. 249
The Rise of the Reparations Movementp. 255
Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention
Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparationsp. 275
Railroads, Race, and Reparationsp. 294
Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Healthp. 305
Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Povertyp. 331
Mobilizing Strategies
The Politics of Racial Reparationsp. 353
The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americansp. 371
The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparationsp. 379
Repatriation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crowp. 402
What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparationsp. 411
The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activismp. 427
Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americansp. 447
Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Storyp. 452
Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparationsp. 469
Documents
Federal Acts and Resolutions
The Second Confiscation Act (1862)p. 486
Special Field Orders, No. 15 (1865)p. 490
Freedmen's Bureau Act (1865)p. 493
Southern Homestead Act (1866)p. 495
House Resolution 29 (1867)p. 498
Civil Liberties Act (1988)p. 501
House Resolution 356 (2000)p. 503
House Resolution 40 (2005)p. 506
Senate Resolution 39 (2005)p. 513
Senate Resolution 44 (2005)p. 515
State Legislation
Michigan House Bill No. 5562 (2000)p. 519
California Senate Bill No. 2199 (2000)p. 520
California Senate Joint Resolution No. 1 (2001)p. 522
New Jersey African-American Reconciliation Study Commission Act (2003)p. 524
Texas House Joint Resolution 25 (2003)p. 530
Maryland House Joint Resolution 4 (2004)p. 533
Municipal Resolutions
City of Detroit (1989)p. 537
City of Chicago (2000)p. 539
City of San Francisco (2001)p. 542
City of New York Resolution 41 (2002)p. 544
City of New York Resolution 219 (2002)p. 547
District of Columbia (2003)p. 549
City of New York Resolution 57 (2004)p. 552
City of New York Resolution 195 (2004)p. 554
City of Philadelphia (2004)p. 556
Advocacy and Activism
United Negro Improvement Association (1920): "Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World"p. 560
Civil Rights Congress (1951): "We Charge Genocide"p. 567
Malcolm X (1964): Appeal to African Heads of Statep. 580
Black Panther Party for Self Defense (1967): What We Want; What We Believep. 585
Republic of New Africa (1968): Declaration of Independencep. 588
Black Panther Party (1969): Reparations for Vietnamp. 592
National Black Economic Development Conference (1969): The Black Manifestop. 593
National Black Political Agenda (1972): The Gary Declarationp. 600
Black Panther Party (1973): Petition to the United Nationsp. 606
Nation of Islam (1990): A Case for Reparationsp. 608
Black Radical Congress (1999): The Freedom Agendap. 612
Reparations Support Committee (1999/2000): "To the President of the United States of America"p. 620
Randall Robinson, TransAfrica Forum (2000): Restatement of the Black Manifestop. 621
National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (2000): The Reparations Campaignp. 625
The NDABA Movement (2004): National Reparations Petitionp. 629
NAACP (2005): NAACP Supports Reintroduction of Reparations Study Legislationp. 631
American Bar Association Recommendation (2006)p. 634
Episcopal Church (2006): Call for the Episcopal Church to Study Responsibility for Reparationsp. 635
Case Studies of Redress
The White House (1997): Apology for Study Done in Tuskegeep. 638
Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 (2000)p. 642
Mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2004)p. 645
Rosewood Victims v. State of Florida (2004): Special Master's Final Reportp. 649
Florida Statute 1004.60 (2004)p. 657
Florida Statute 1009.55 (2004)p. 658
Lawsuits
Timothy Pigford, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Dan Glickman, Secretary, United States Department of Agriculture, Defendant (1998): Opinionp. 661
Civil Actions Nos. 97-1978, 98-1693 (1999): Opinionp. 665
In re African-American Slave Descendants Litigation (2004): Opinionp. 668
Selected Bibliographyp. 673
Contributorsp. 683
Acknowledgment of Copyrightsp. 687
Indexp. 691
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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