Social Development

by
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1996-11-06
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
List Price: $92.74

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Summary

This textbook provides an up-to-date account of our knowledge of social development. It is addressed to students of psychology and other social sciences with no or only limited knowledge of child development, and covers an age range up to and including adolescence. The content is organized according to themes, but these themes follow an approximate developmental progression. The central theme of Social Development is that of socialization - how an essentially biological being becomes transformed into a highly sophisticated social being. Whilst giving full attention to the older and well-established aspects of our knowledge of social development but also to more recent topics such as research on behavior genetics, children's theory of mind, post-infancy attachment development, and family dynamics. Throughout Professor Schaffer sets the findings within the context of the general aims and theoretical concerns that underpin the studies carried out, as well as of the methods used to obtain the knowledge gained. Due recognition is also given to the many practical implications of social development research for aspects such as day care, the development of anti-social behavior and family conflict.

Author Biography

H. Rudolph Schaffer is Professor of Psychology at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, and has written extensively on various aspects of child development. His books include Mothering (1977) and Making Decisions About Children (Blackwell Publishers, 1991), and he is also editor of the journal Social Development.

Table of Contents

List of Figures
x
List of Tables
xii
Preface xiv
Acknowledgments xviii
The Study of Social Development
1(44)
The Questions Posed
1(11)
Studying Children and Studying Development
2(2)
Description and Explanation
4(5)
Topics Investigated
9(3)
Conceptions and Preconceptions
12(18)
Changing Images of Childhood
13(3)
Major Theoretical Frameworks
16(13)
Theory Today
29(1)
Methodological Considerations
30(13)
The Nature of Research
31(5)
Research Design
36(4)
Obtaining and Analyzing Findings
40(3)
Summary
43(2)
Biological Foundations
45(54)
Evolutionary Perspective
46(17)
Adaptation, Selection, and Survival
46(4)
Cross-species Comparison
50(2)
Social Signaling Devices
52(2)
Biological Basis of Emotional Development
54(5)
Cultural Evolution
59(4)
The Genetics of Behavior
63(16)
Mechanisms of Genetic Transmission
64(2)
Methods of Behavioral Genetics
66(6)
Nature-Nurture Interface
72(7)
Bases of Individuality
79(17)
Temperament
79(11)
Sex Differences
90(6)
Summary
96(3)
Constructing the First Relationships
99(55)
Early Interactions
100(12)
Stages in Interactional Development
100(1)
Biological Regulation
101(1)
Face-to-face Interactions
102(7)
Interactive Style
109(3)
From Nonverbal to Verbal Communication
112(14)
Topic Sharing
113(1)
Reciprocity and Intentionality
114(3)
Using Gestures
117(2)
Social Referencing
119(1)
The Emergence of Language
120(6)
Attachment: Nature and Development
126(13)
Defining and Characterizing Attachment
126(1)
Bowlby's Theory
127(3)
Onset of the First Attachment Relationships
130(5)
Object Choice
135(2)
Later Developments
137(2)
Attachment: Individual Differences
139(12)
Security-Insecurity
139(5)
Antecedents: The Sensitivity Hypothesis
144(3)
Consequents: The Competence Hypothesis
147(1)
Intergenerational Continuity?
148(3)
Summary
151(3)
Sense of Self: Sense of Other
154(50)
The Self
154(16)
Self-awareness: The Emergence of Self
155(4)
Self-concept: Children's Views of Themselves
159(5)
Self-esteem: Children's Value of Themselves
164(4)
The Emotional Self
168(2)
Knowledge of Others
170(15)
Self-Other Relationships
171(3)
Describing People
174(4)
Attributing Internal States to Others
178(3)
Children's Theory of Mind
181(4)
Sex Role Development
185(17)
The Nature of Psychological Sex Differences
186(4)
Development of Gender Concepts and Sex Role Knowledge
190(4)
Social Influences on Sex-typed Behavior
194(5)
Children's Gender Construction
199(3)
Summary
202(2)
Families, Parents, and Socialization
204(44)
Families as Systems
204(9)
Principles of Systems Theory
205(2)
Mutual Influences within Families
207(2)
Stability and Change
209(4)
The Nature of Parenting
213(19)
A Cross-cultural Perspective
214(4)
Parental Styles
218(3)
Mothering and Fathering
221(2)
Parental Belief Systems
223(4)
Deficits of Parenting
227(5)
Socialization Processes
232(14)
Theoretical Assumptions
233(1)
Cognitive Socialization
234(6)
Emotional Socialization
240(6)
Summary
246(2)
From Other-control to Self-control
248(63)
Parental Control Techniques and Child Compliance
250(6)
Compliance and Noncompliance
250(2)
The Role of Caregivers
252(4)
Learning Social Rules
256(13)
The Emergence of Standards
256(3)
Family Routines as Learning Opportunities
259(5)
Siblings' Contribution
264(3)
Convention and Morality
267(2)
Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior
269(21)
Empathy and Altruism
270(3)
Individual Differences in Prosocial Behavior
273(5)
Aggression: Nature and Development
278(6)
Biological and Social Determinants of Aggressive Behavior
284(6)
Moral Development
290(18)
Piagetian Theory
291(3)
Kohlberg's Theory
294(6)
Moral Conduct and its Link with Moral Understanding
300(2)
Developing a Conscience
302(3)
Socialization Influences on Moral Development
305(3)
Summary
308(3)
Extrafamilial Influences
311(50)
Peer Relationships
312(23)
Nature and Function
312(4)
Developmental Trends
316(3)
Popular, Rejected, and Neglected Children
319(6)
Friendship and Loneliness
325(3)
Peer Cooperation
328(4)
Interface of Peer and Family Relationships
332(3)
The Child in Society
335(23)
The Social System of the School
336(7)
Parental Unemployment and Child Poverty
343(4)
Ethnic Minorities
347(8)
Children's Construction of Society
355(3)
Summary
358(3)
Social Experience and its Aftermath
361(36)
Reversible or Irreversible?
361(13)
Infantile Trauma and Critical Periods
361(4)
Acute Stress
365(2)
Chronic Adversity
367(7)
Multiple Outcomes
374(11)
Vulnerability and Resilience
375(4)
Developmental Pathways
379(6)
Continuity and Discontinuity
385(10)
Predicting Psychopathology
387(3)
Mechanisms of Development
390(5)
Summary
395(2)
References 397(32)
Author Index 429(8)
Subject Index 437

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