This book covers mmW (millimeter wave) topics from fundamental concepts, design methods, prototyping, and experimental setup and testing. After addressing design issues, the authors also highlight applications of the antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. The book describes concepts such as substrate-integrated waveguides, loss analysis, surface wave and its suppression, and more. Waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis are some of the design methods the authors explore. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through discussions of setup for testing impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and textures for specific designs. Current applications the book covers include frequency bands of 24-270GHz for wireless communication networks such as 5G and beyond such as base-stations at Ka/Q bands (24-39 GHz), super WiFi@60GHz, backhaul at E and W bands (60-110 GHz).

Zhi Ning Chen currently is the Professor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore as well as the Program Director (Industry) and the Founder of the Advanced Research and Technology Innovation Center. Dr Chen received the B.Eng., M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Institute of Communications Engineering (ICE), China, in 1985, 1998 and 1993 and the second Ph.D. degree from the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan in 2003. 

Xianming QING is currently with Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, and holding the position of senior scientist and the leader of the RF Group. Dr Qing received the B.Eng. from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P. R. China, in 1985 and PhD from Chiba University, Japan, in 2010. Dr. Qing’s main research interests are antenna design and characterization for wireless applications, wherein his achievements are 280+ technical papers, 14 book chapters, 23 granted and filed patents, and 14 Awards.  

Editor biographies – to follow

Contributors

Preface to follow

Chapter 1 Introduction to Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.1 Millimeter Waves

1.2 Propagation of Millimeter Waves

1.3 Millimeter Wave Technology

 1.3.1 Important Features

 1.3.2 Major Modern Applications

1.4 Unique Challenges of Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.5 Briefing of State-of-the-Art Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.6 Implementation Considerations of Substrate Integrated Millimeter Wave Antennas

  1.6.1 Fabrication Processes and Materials of the Antennas

  1.6.2 Commonly Used Transmission Line Systems for Antennas

1.7 Note on Losses in Microstrip-lines and Substrate Integrated Waveguides

1.8 Update of Millimeter Wave Technology in 5G and Beyond

1.9 Summary

References

Chapter 2 Measurement Methods and Setups of Antennas at 60-325-GHz Bands

2.1 Introduction

 2.1.1 Far-field Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.1.2 Near-field Antenna Measurement Setup

2.2 Sate-of-the-art mmW Measurement Systems

 2.2.1 Commercially Available mmW Measurement Systems

 2.2.2 Customized mmW Measurement Systems

2.3 Considerations for Measurement Setup Configuration

 2.3.1 Near-field versus Compact Range

 2.3.2 RF System

 2.3.3 Interface Between the RF Instrument and AUT

 2.3.4 On-Wafer Antenna Measurement

2.4 mmW Measurement Setup Examples

 2.4.1 60-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.4.2 140-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.4.3 270-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

2.5 Summary

References

Chapter 3 Substrate Integrated mmW Antennas in LTCC

3.1 Introduction

 3.1.1 Unique Design Challenges and Promising Solutions

 3.1.2 SIW Slot Antennas and Arrays in LTCC

3.2 High-gain mmW SIW Slot Antenna Arrays in LTCC

 3.2.1 SIW Three-Dimensional Corporate Feed

 3.2.2 Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 3.2.3 Simplified Designs and High-order-mode Antenna Array at 140 GHz

 3.2.4 Fully Substrate Integrated Antennas at 270 GHz

3.3 Summary

References

Chapter 4 Broadband Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array at 60-GHz Bands

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Broadband Low-Profile CRLH-Mushroom Antenna

 4.2.1 Working Principle

 4.2.2 Impedance Matching

4.3 Broadband LTCC Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 4.3.1 SIW Fed CRLH-Mushroom Antenna Element

 4.3.2 Self-Decoupling Functionality

 4.3.3 Self-Decoupled Metamaterial-Mushroom Subarray

 4.3.4 Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array

4.4 Summary

References

Chapter 5 Narrow-Wall-Fed Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna at 60 GHz

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Broadband Techniques for Substrate Integrated Antennas

 5.2.1 Enhancement of Impedance Matching for SIW Antennas

 5.2.2 Multi-Mode Substrate Integrated Cavity Antennas

 5.2.3 Substrate Integrated Cavity Backed Slot Antenna

 5.2.4 Patch Loaded Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna

 5.2.5 Travelling-wave Elements Loaded Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna

5.3 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antennas at Ka- and V-bands

 5.3.1 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna

 5.3.2 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna Array at 35 GHz

 5.3.3 60-GHz SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna Array

5.4 Summary

References

CHAPTER 6 Cavity-Backed SIW Slot Antennas at 60 GHz

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Operating Principle of the Cavity-backed Antenna

 6.2.1 Configuration

 6.2.2 Analysis of the Backing-cavity

6.2.3 Design of the Backing-cavity

6.3 Cavity-backed SIW Slot Antenna

 6.3.1 Feeding techniques

 6.3.2 The SIW Backing-cavity

 6.3.3 Radiating Slot

6.4 Types of SIW CBSAs

 6.4.1 Wideband CBSAs

 6.4.2 Dual-band CBSAs

 6.4.3 Dual-polarized and Circularly Polarized CBSAs

 6.4.4 Miniaturized CBSAs

6.5 CBSA Design Examples at 60 GHz

 6.5.1 SIW CBSA with Different Slot WLR

 6.5.2 Array Examples with Different WLRs of Slot

 6.6 Summary

References

Chapter 7 Circularly Polarized SIW Slot LTCC Antennas at 60 GHz

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Key Techniques of mmW CP Antenna Array

 7.2.1 Antenna Element Selection

 7.2.2 AR Bandwidth Enhancement Methods

7.3 Wideband CP LTCC SIW Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 7.3.1 Wideband AR Element

 7.3.2 Isolation Consideration

 7.3.3 Experiment Results and Discussion

 7.4 Summary

References

Chapter 8 Gain Enhancement of LTCC Microstrip Patch Antenna by Suppressing Surface Waves

8.1 Introduction

 8.1.1 Surface waves in microstrip patch antennas

 8.1.2 Surface waves effects on microstrip patch antenna

8.2 State-of-The-Art Methods for Suppressing Surface Waves in Microstrip Patch Antennas

8.3 Microstrip Patch Antennas with Partial Substrate Removal

 8.3.1 Technique of partial substrate removal

 8.3.2 60-GHz LTCC antenna with partial substrate removal

8.4 Summary

References

Chapter 9 Substrate Integrated Antennas for Millimeter Wave Automotive Radars

9.1 Introduction

 9.1.1 Automotive Radar Classification

 9.1.2 Frequency Bands for Automotive Radars

 9.1.3 Comparison of 24-GHz and 77-GHz Bands

 9.1.4 Antenna System Considerations for Automotive Radar Sensors

 9.1.5 Fabrication and Packaging Considerations

9.2 Sate-of-the-Art Antennas for 24-GHz and 77-GHz Automotive Radars

 9.2.1 Selected state-of-the-Art Antennas for 24-GHz Automotive Radars

 9.2.2 Selected state-of-the-Art Antennas for 77-GHz Automotive Radars

9.3 Single-layer SIW Slot Antenna Array for 24-Ghz Automotive Radars

 9.3.1 Antenna Configuration

 9.3.2 Slot Array Design

 9.3.3 Feeding Network Design

 9.3.4 Experiment Results

9.4 Transmit-array Antenna for 77-Ghz Automotive Radars

 9.4.1 Unit Cell

 9.4.2 Four-beam Transmit-array

 9.4.3 Results

9.5 Summary

References

Chapter 10 Sidelobe Reduction of Substrate Integrated Antenna Arrays at Ka-Band

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Feeding Networks for Substrate Integrated Antenna Array

 10.2.1 Series Feeding Network

 10.2.2 Parallel/Corporate Feeding Network

 10.2.3 Flat Lens/Reflector-Based Quasi-Optics Feeding Network

 10.2.4 Power Dividers

10.3 SIW Antenna Arrays with Sidelobe Reduction at Ka-Band

 10.3.1 Double-layer 8×8 SIW Slot Array

 10.3.2 16×16 Monopulse SIW Slot Array

10.4 Summary

References

Chapter 11 Substrate Edge Antennas

11.1 Introduction

11.2 State-of-the-Art

 11.2.1 End-fire SEAs

 11.2.2 Leaky-wave SEAs

11.3 Tapered Strips for Wideband Impedance Matching

 11.3.1 Tapered Triangular Strips

 11.3.2 Tapered Rectangular Strips

11.4 Embedded Planar Lens for Gain Enhancement

  11.4.1 Embedded Metallic Lens

  11.4.2Embedded Gap Lens

11.5 Prism Lens for Broadband Fixed-Beam Leaky-wave SEAs

11.6 Summary