System Performance Evaluation: Methodologies and Applications,9780849323577

System Performance Evaluation: Methodologies and Applications

by ;
ISBN13: 9780849323577
ISBN10: 0849323576
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2000-03-24
Publisher(s): CRC Press
List Price: $185.00

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Summary

Throughout successive generations of information technology, the importance of the performance evaluation of software, computer architectures, and computer networks endures. For example, the performance issues of transaction processing systems and redundant arrays of independent disks replace the virtual memory and input-output problems of the 70s. ATM performance issues supercede those associated with electronic telephony of the 70s.As performance issues evolve with the technologies, so must our approach to evaluation. In System Performance Evaluation: Methodologies and Applications, top academic and industrial experts review the major issues now faced in this arena. In a series of structured, focused chapters, they present the state-of-the-art in performance methodologies and applications. They address developments in analytical modeling and its interaction with detailed analysis of measurement data. They also discuss performance evaluation methodologies for large-scale software systems - in general and in the context of critical applications, such as nuclear reactor control and air transportation systems.With its particular emphasis on network performance for wireless networks, the Internet, and ATM networking, System Performance Evaluation becomes the ideal vehicle for professionals in computer architecture, networking, and software engineering to stay up-to-date and proficient in this essential aspect of information technology.

Table of Contents

Introduction xiii
I Advances in Internet Network Performance 1(50)
Rate Adapters with Bursty Arrivals and Rational Rate Reduction: Queuing Analysis
3(20)
Introduction
4(1)
System and Source Model
5(1)
Functional Equation
6(4)
Generating Function of the System Contents
10(3)
Derivation of Performance Measures
13(2)
Mean System Contents
13(1)
Tail Distribution of the System Contents
14(1)
Cell Loss Ratio
14(1)
Cell Delay Characteristics
15(1)
Results and Discussion
15(4)
Conclusions
19(4)
Internet Traffic: Periodicity, Tail Behavior, and Performance Implications
23(16)
Introduction
24(1)
Web Environment
25(2)
Traffic Models
27(5)
Web Server Performance
32(7)
A Generalization of a TCP Model: Multiple Source-Destination Case with Arbitrary LAN as the Access Network
39(12)
Introduction
39(2)
TCP Behavior: Contest for the Pipe
41(2)
Multiple Source-Destination Model
43(3)
Adaptation to Small File Size
44(1)
A Case Study: Ethernet as the LAN
45(1)
Simulations and Analytical Results
46(1)
Conclusion
47(4)
II Advances in ATM Networks 51(92)
A Virtual Path Routing Algorithm for ATM Networks Based on the Equivalent Bandwidth Concept
53(16)
Introduction
54(1)
Problem Statement
55(3)
Heuristic Design Algorithm
58(2)
Computational Experiments
60(4)
Conclusion
64(5)
Link Capacity Sharing Between Guaranteed and Best Effort Services
69(12)
Introduction
70(1)
The Multi-Service Model of an ATM Link
71(5)
Analysis of ABR Throughput Measures
76(1)
Conclusion
77(4)
QoS Management with Delays and Cell Drops
81(16)
Introduction
82(1)
Time-Stamp Based Algorithms
83(1)
An Approximate Analytical Model
84(4)
Iterative Solution
86(2)
Simulation Results for the Probability of Failure with and without Cell Drops
88(1)
Conclusions
89(8)
Fluid Analysis of TCP Connections Over ABR VCs
97(16)
Introduction
97(3)
TCP Protocol and ABR Mechanism
98(1)
Problems and Motivation of the Work
99(1)
Outline
100(1)
The Model and Notations
100(2)
Established Results and Evolutions
102(2)
Analysis of a State
104(2)
Case of Several TCP Connections on Many ATM-ABR VCs
106(2)
Both Queues are Empty
106(1)
Ingress Buffers Saturation
107(1)
Bottleneck Saturation
108(1)
Conclusion
108(5)
On the Exact Performance Analysis of Multicast Switches with Input Buffering
113(10)
Introduction
113(2)
Mathematical Model and Analysis
115(4)
Numerical Results, Conclusions and Future Work
119(4)
Performance Evaluation of a Scene-Based Model for VBR MPEG Traffic
123(20)
Introduction
123(2)
Scene-Based Characterization of MPEG-Coded Sequence
125(6)
MPEG Encoder
125(1)
Scene Change Identifiers
126(5)
Statistical Modeling of MPEG
131(8)
Markovian-Based Models
131(2)
Scene Change-Based Model
133(3)
The Overall Model's Comparison
136(3)
Conclusions
139(4)
III Traffic-Based System and Network Design 143(118)
Buffering vs. Smoothing for End-to-End QoS: Fundamental Issues and Comparison
145(20)
Introduction
146(2)
System Description
148(2)
The Smoothing System
148(1)
The Buffering System
149(1)
Experimental Workload
149(1)
Smoothing vs. Buffering: The Single Node Case
150(6)
Loss in Delay-Bounded System
150(2)
Heterogeneity-of-Time-Scales Gain of Buffering
152(1)
Experiments
153(3)
Buffering, Smoothing, and Multi-Hop Networks
156(6)
Critical Route Length H*
156(1)
H* and Loss Probability
157(1)
The Impact of Traffic Characteristics on H*
158(3)
Utilization Ratio of Smoothing and Buffering Systems
161(1)
Conclusions
162(3)
Analysis of a Time Division Multiplexing Method with Priorities
165(12)
Introduction
165(1)
Time Division Multiplexing on Two Time-scales
166(2)
Performance of Low Priority Sources
168(4)
Example
172(1)
Conclusions
173(4)
Web Traffic Modeling and Performance Comparison Between HTTP1.0 and HTTP1.1
177(14)
Introduction
178(1)
Traffic Model and Statistical Analysis
179(2)
Traffic Model
179(1)
Statistical Analysis Results
180(1)
Experimental Results
181(10)
WAGON
181(1)
Long-Range Dependence and the Traffic Model
181(1)
Performance Comparison between HTTP1.0 and HTTP1.1
182(9)
Average Bandwidth and Delay for Reliable Multicast
191(12)
Introduction
191(1)
Average Bandwidth
192(5)
Number of Transmissions Required to Transmit Packet to All Receivers α(H, w, p)
193(1)
Calculating the Caching Average Bandwidth ρCavg
193(2)
Calculating the Non-Caching Average Bandwidth ρNCavg
195(2)
Average Delay
197(3)
Calculating the Average Caching Delay τCavg
197(1)
Calculating the Average Non-Caching Delay τNCavg
197(1)
Simulation Results
198(2)
Conclusion
200(3)
Time-Slot Allocation in Wireless TDMA
203(12)
Introduction
203(2)
Preliminaries
205(2)
Algorithms
207(3)
Comparisons
210(2)
Conclusions
212(3)
Maintaining Connectivity for Mobile Computing Applications in Cellular Systems with Multiple Traffic Classes and Mixed Platform Types
215(16)
Introduction
216(1)
Session Management Strategy
216(2)
Model Description
218(5)
Example Problem Statement
219(1)
State Description
220(1)
Flow Balance Equations and Hand-off Arrival Parameters
221(2)
Performance Measures
223(2)
Carried Traffic and Average Number of k-Suspended Sessions
223(1)
Blocking Probability
223(1)
Hand-Off Failure Probability
224(1)
Forced Termination Probability
224(1)
Discussion of Results
225(2)
Conclusions
227(4)
A Parallel Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Capacitated Network Design Problems
231(8)
Introduction
231(2)
Parallel Branch-and-Cut
232(1)
Problem Formulation and Valid Inequalities
233(1)
A Mixed Integer Programming Formulation
233(1)
Valid Inequalities
234(1)
The Underlying Branch-and-Cut Algorithm
234(2)
Fine-Grain vs. Coarse-Grain Parallelization
236(1)
Multiple Level Branching
236(1)
Process Control
236(3)
A Unified Approach to the Analysis of Large-Scale Teletraffic Models
239(10)
Introduction
239(1)
Analysis Framework and Examples
240(5)
Generic Solution of Continuous-Time Models
240(2)
GI/G/1 Queue
242(1)
MAP/G/1 Queue
243(1)
Fluid Flow Models
244(1)
Parallel Implementation of the Method
245(4)
State-Space Decomposition
245(1)
Preliminary Timing Results
246(3)
MRE: A Robust Method of Inference for Finite Capacity Queues
249(12)
Introduction
249(1)
Minimum Relative Entropy
250(2)
Inferring Finite Buffer QLD from Infinite Buffer QLD
251(1)
Queues with ``Parallel'' Distributions
252(6)
MG/G/1/N and GeoG/G/1/N Queues
253(1)
GIG/D/1/N Queues
253(4)
The MRE Solution for the Queues with ``Parallel'' Distributions
257(1)
Exact MRE Results
258(1)
MG/G/1/N and GeoG/G/1/N Queues
258(1)
sGGeo/D/1/N
258(1)
Conclusions and Future Directions
259(2)
IV Advances in System Performance Methodologies 261(86)
PNiQ-A Concept for Performability Evaluation
263(12)
Introduction
263(1)
Related Approaches
264(1)
Combined Modeling
265(2)
Analysis
267(3)
Analysis Algorithm
268(2)
Application Example of the Modeling Concept
270(1)
Results
271(1)
Conclusion
272(3)
Performance Analysis of Multiclass Data Transfer Elements in Soft Real-Time Systems Using Semaphore Queues
275(16)
Introduction
275(1)
Data Transfer Elements: Channels and Pools
276(1)
Semaphore Queues
277(3)
Multiclass Channel
280(4)
Generalization of the Multiclass Channel with R Classes of Customers
284(1)
Priority Channel
284(4)
Generalization of the Priority Channel with R Classes of Customers
287(1)
Pools
288(1)
Conclusions and Open Problems
289(2)
Hybrid Analysis of Non-Markovian Stochastic Petri Nets
291(12)
Introduction
291(2)
Basic Definitions and Notations
293(2)
The Timed Behavior of an NMSPN
295(3)
A Hybrid Analysis Approach
298(2)
Summary and Conclusions
300(3)
A Performance Model for SPADES Specifications
303(28)
Introduction
303(2)
The SPADES Formalism
305(3)
The Language of SPADES
305(1)
The Behavior of SPADES Agents
306(2)
Representing the Behavior
308(1)
Derivation of GSMP Performance Model
309(9)
State
311(1)
Clocks and Events
311(4)
Transitions and Transition Probabilities
315(3)
Example: An ATM Switch
318(4)
The SPADES Model
318(2)
Deriving the GSMP
320(1)
Simulation Results
321(1)
Related Work
322(1)
Conclusion
323(8)
Analysis of Commercial Workload on SMP Multiprocessors
331(16)
Introduction
332(1)
Characterizing TPC-C Workload and SMP
333(1)
TPC-C Overview
333(1)
SMP Architecture
333(1)
Workload Characterization
334(1)
Analytical Model
334(4)
Framework of the Model
334(2)
A Memory Access Time Model for SMPs
336(2)
Model Validation
338(2)
Workload Parameterization and Simulation
340(3)
Conclusions and Future Work
343(4)
V System Performance and Reliability 347(90)
Bayesian Belief Networks for Safety Assessment of Computer-Based Systems
349(16)
Introduction
350(1)
Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs)
351(1)
Context of the Case Study
352(1)
The BBN Model and its Construction
353(1)
Validation & Sensitivity Issues
354(2)
Support for Validation and Sensitivity Analysis
356(2)
Feedback from Numerical Calculation Using the Hugin Tool
357(1)
Complementary Symbolic Analysis Using Polytree Propagation Algorithm
357(1)
Discussion and Conclusions
358(7)
Software Performance Validation Strategies
365(18)
Introduction
366(1)
Terms Definition
367(4)
Extended Performance Concept
367(1)
Extended Validation Concept
368(3)
Performance Validation Strategy
371(1)
Production of Performance Model
372(6)
DM Production
375(2)
EM Production
377(1)
Conclusions
378(5)
Performance Validation at Early Stages of Software Development
383(14)
Early Performance Validation
383(2)
Validation for Responsiveness and Throughput
385(6)
Methods, Successes, and Difficulties
386(5)
Summary
391(1)
Validation of Resource Budgets
391(1)
Other Aspects of Early Software Validation
392(1)
Conclusions
392(5)
Impact of Workload Models in Evaluating the Performance of Distributed Web-Server Systems
397(22)
Introduction
398(1)
Distributed Web-Server Systems
399(2)
DNS-Dispatcher Systems
399(1)
DNS-Dispatcher Systems with Redirection
400(1)
Model and Parameters
401(3)
System Model
401(1)
Workload Model
402(2)
Dispatching Schemes
404(4)
DNS-Dispatcher Algorithms
404(1)
Web-Server Redirection Algorithms
405(3)
Experimental Results
408(7)
Performance Metrics
408(1)
Performance of DNS-Dispatcher Algorithms
409(1)
Performance of Synchronous Redirection Schemes
410(3)
Performance of Asynchronous Redirection Schemes
413(2)
Summary
415(4)
Validation in the European Air Traffic Management Program (EATMP)
419(18)
Introduction
419(3)
Validation
422(3)
Validation in ATM 2000+ Strategy Level 1
423(1)
Validation in ATM 2000+ Strategy Level 2
423(1)
Validation in ATM 2000+ Strategy Level 3
424(1)
Capacity Target Setting
425(3)
Capacity Increase
428(3)
Safety
431(2)
Concluding Remark
433(4)
Index 437

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