Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities : A Step-by-Step Guide for Educators

by Roger Pierangelo

ISBN13: 9781412916004

ISBN10: 1412916003

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2008-06-03

Publisher(s): Corwin Pr

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Summary

The authors include a complete glossary of terms, plus guidelines for academic instruction, behavioral interventions, classroom accommodations, placement options, assessments, and transition services for students with LD.

Preface	p. x
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Authors	p. xv
Overview of Learning Disabilities	p. 1
IDEA Definition of a Specific Learning Disability	p. 1
Overview of Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 2
Key Facts About Learning Disabilities	p. 3
Causes of a Specific Learning Disability	p. 4
Genetics	p. 4
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy	p. 5
Complications During Pregnancy	p. 6
Environmental Toxins	p. 6
Mercury Poisoning	p. 6
Lead Poisoning	p. 6
Poor Nutrition	p. 7
Maturational Delay	p. 7
Prevalence of Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 7
Age of Onset for Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 8
Gender Features for Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 8
Cultural Features for Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 8
Familial Patterns for Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 8
Comorbidity for Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 9
"Discrepancy" in Diagnosing a Learning Disability	p. 9
The Exclusionary Clause	p. 10
Characteristics of Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 11
Educational Implications of Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 12
Characteristics of Children With Learning Disabilities	p. 14
Academic Achievement Deficits	p. 16
Reading	p. 16
Oral Reading	p. 17
Reading Comprehension	p. 20
Word Recognition Skills	p. 21
Reading Habits	p. 22
Math	p. 22
Analysis and Interpretation of Math Skills	p. 23
Written Expression	p. 25
Handwriting	p. 26
Spelling	p. 26
Language Deficits	p. 29
Oral Language Problems	p. 29
Listening Comprehension Problems	p. 30
Problems With Pragmatics	p. 30
Disorders of Attention	p. 31
Achievement Discrepancy	p. 31
Memory Deficits	p. 32
Cognitive Deficits	p. 34
Metacognition Deficits	p. 34
Social-Emotional Problems	p. 35
Nonverbal Learning Disorders (NLD)	p. 38
Motivational and Attribution Problems	p. 39
Perceptual Deficits	p. 40
Types of Learning Disabilities	p. 41
Auditory Processing Disorders	p. 41
Dyscalculia (Arithmetic Disorders)	p. 42
Dysgraphia (Writing Disorders)	p. 44
Dyslexia (Reading Disorders)	p. 45
Dysorthographia (Spelling Disorders)	p. 46
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD)	p. 47
Organizational Learning Disorders	p. 48
Social Cue Disorder	p. 49
Visual Processing Disorders	p. 50
Eligibility Criteria for Learning Disabilities	p. 52
Becoming Familiar With the Characteristics of Students With Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 52
Determining the Procedures and Assessment Measures to Be Used	p. 53
Determination of Eligibility for a Diagnosis of a Specific Learning Disability	p. 55
Option 1	p. 55
Option 2	p. 56
Key Points to Remember When Determining Eligibility for LD	p. 58
Response to Intervention (RTI)	p. 59
Purpose of RTI	p. 60
Importance of RTI	p. 61
Is RTI a "New Approach"?	p. 62
Core Principles of RTI	p. 62
Events That Led to Changes in LD Identification in IDEA 2004	p. 65
Rationale for Replacing the Discrepancy Model With RTI	p. 66
Major Issues Related to the Use of the Concept of Achievement-Ability Discrepancy	p. 66
Why RTI Was Considered in the Process of LD Determination	p. 67
The Role RTI Should Play in the Identification of Children With Specific Learning Disabilities	p. 68
Can RTI Be Used as the Sole Determinant for LD Classification?	p. 69
In the Big Picture, How Does RTI Fit Into the Process of Determining LD?	p. 70
Multitiered Service Delivery Model	p. 72
Focus of Tier I	p. 75
Focus of Tier II	p. 75
Focus of Tier III	p. 75
Parent Involvement: An Important Component of Successful RTI Programs	p. 76
Fidelity	p. 77
The RTI Process for Teachers	p. 77
What Teachers Need in Terms of Professional Development and RTI	p. 78
Effective Teaching Strategies for Students With LD	p. 80
Academic Instruction	p. 80
Prepare Students for Upcoming Lessons	p. 80
Conducting Effective Lessons	p. 81
Concluding Lessons	p. 84
Individualizing Instructional Practices	p. 84
Organizational and Study Skills Useful for Academic Instruction of Students With LD	p. 89
Assisting Students With LD With Time Management	p. 90
Helpful Study Skills for Students With LD	p. 90
Behavioral Interventions	p. 91
Effective Behavioral Intervention Techniques	p. 92
Classroom Accommodations	p. 96
Special Classroom Seating Arrangements for LD Students	p. 97
Instructional Tools and the Physical Learning Environment	p. 97
Promoting Positive Social Interactions in an Inclusion Setting	p. 99
Review of Inclusion	p. 100
Principles of Effective Inclusion	p. 100
Why Are Social Skills Important?	p. 101
Social-Cognitive Skill Development	p. 102
The Role of Social Skills at School	p. 102
Strategies to Foster a Sense of Belonging in the Inclusion Classroom	p. 103
Creating a Positive Inclusion Classroom Climate	p. 104
Teaching Social Skills Through Role-Playing and Observation	p. 105
The Inclusion Classroom Teacher's Power to Model Acceptance	p. 106
Promoting Positive Interactions	p. 106
Conduct Class Meetings	p. 107
Use Values Clarification	p. 107
Project a Feeling, Caring Persona	p. 107
Use Reprimands Judiciously	p. 108
Validate Student Feelings	p. 108
Post Positive Behavior	p. 109
Promote Self-Monitoring	p. 109
Train for Generalization	p. 109
Deal Appropriately With Name-Calling and Teasing	p. 109
Offer Choices and Solicit Preferences	p. 110
Promote Self-Esteem	p. 110
Provide Attribution Training	p. 110
Demonstrate or Model Rules and Procedures; Then Allow Students to Rehearse Them	p. 111
With Older Students, Use Contingency Contracts	p. 111
IEP Development and Educational Placement Options for Students With Learning Disabilities	p. 112
Members of the IEP Committee	p. 112
Responsibilities of the IEP Committee	p. 113
IDEA 2004 and IEP Committee Meetings: What to Know	p. 115
Development of the Information Packet for Presentation to the IEP Committee	p. 115
Required Forms	p. 116
Evaluations (Initial Referral)	p. 117
Guidance and School Materials (Initial Referral)	p. 117
Other Materials	p. 118
How Recommendations for Classification Are Made by the IEP Committee	p. 121
Specific Educational Placement (LRE) Considerations According to IDEA 2004	p. 121
Appealing the Decision of the IEP Committee	p. 126
Other Roles of the IEP Committee	p. 127
Special Meetings	p. 127
Annual Review	p. 127
Triennial Review	p. 129
Declassification Procedures of a Child in Special Education	p. 129
IEP Development	p. 130
Components to Be Included in the IEP	p. 131
Questions and Answers About the IEP Under IDEA 2004	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 136
Transition Services for Students With Learning Disabilities	p. 138
The Transitional Process	p. 138
The Intent of Transition Services	p. 140
The Importance of Transition Services for Individuals With Learning Disabilities	p. 140
The Introduction of Transition Services	p. 140
The Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)	p. 141
Transition Services	p. 142
Special Considerations for Students With Learning Disabilities	p. 143
Employment Services	p. 144
Leisure/Recreational Experiences	p. 147
Postsecondary Education Options	p. 148
When to Begin College Planning	p. 150
Understanding Legal Rights Pertaining to Postsecondary Education	p. 151
Identifying the Desirable Characteristics of a College	p. 151
Disability-Related Support Services	p. 154
Assistive Technology	p. 154
Glossary	p. 159
References	p. 162
Index	p. 172
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities : A Step-by-Step Guide for Educators

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Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities : A Step-by-Step Guide for Educators

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