| Preface |
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| Introduction |
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1. Stemming the Tide of the Enlightenment |
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1 | (15) |
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Discerning the Limits of Rational Inquiry: Immanuel Kant |
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2 | (5) |
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Religion as the Feeling of Absolute Dependence: Friedrich Schleiermacher |
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7 | (8) |
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15 | (1) |
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2. Hegel's System and Its Branches |
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16 | (40) |
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Hegel's Christian Synthesis of Reason and Revelation |
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16 | (5) |
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The Left-Wing Hegelian Attack on Religion: David Friedrich Strauss and Bruno Bauer, Ludwig Feuerbach, and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels |
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21 | (14) |
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The Developmental Emphasis of Right-Wing Hegelians: Ferdinand Christian Baur, Alois Emanuel Biedermann |
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35 | (5) |
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Mediation between Faith and Knowledge: Richard Rothe, Julius Müller, and Isaak August Dorner |
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40 | (5) |
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Kierkegaard's Dialectic in Opposition to the System |
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45 | (4) |
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Ralph Waldo Emerson: The First Philosopher of the American Spirit and America's Hegel |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (4) |
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3. A New Kind of Orthodoxy |
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56 | (35) |
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A Conciliatory Christocentricity: Horace Bushnell |
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56 | (4) |
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Protestant Catholicism: The Mercersburg Theology: Philip Schaff and John Nevin |
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60 | (5) |
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The Scripture-Based Calvinist Confessionalism of Princeton Theology: Archibald Alexander, Charles Hodge, A.A. Hodge, B.B. Warfield |
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65 | (5) |
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God's Love in Christ — the Key to Social Engagement: F.D. Maurice |
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70 | (3) |
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The Dutch Struggle with Modernity |
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73 | (6) |
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From Modernism to Confessionalism |
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73 | (4) |
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A Biblical Radicalism: Hermann Friedrich Kohlbriigge |
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77 | (2) |
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Returning to the Biblical Legacy in Germany |
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79 | (8) |
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Scripture as the Norm: Johann Tobias Beck |
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79 | (3) |
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Scripture, Confession, and Experience (the Erlangen School): Adolf von Harless, J.C.K. von Hofmann, Reinhold Frank |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (4) |
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4. Romanticism and the Pietistic Awakening |
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91 | (27) |
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Romantic, Confessional Lutheranism: Claus Harms, Wilhelm Löhe, August Vilmar |
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91 | (7) |
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Guarding Lutheran Confessional Identity: Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg |
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98 | (2) |
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An Evangelical Passion for Christ and for Students: August Tholuck |
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100 | (2) |
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Turning People to Christ: Charles Grandison Finney |
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102 | (3) |
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A Christocentric Theology of the Heart: Samuel Taylor Coleridge |
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105 | (3) |
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The Oxford Movement: John Keble, John Henry Newman, and E.B. Pusey |
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108 | (7) |
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115 | (3) |
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5. Cultural Protestantism |
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118 | (20) |
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The Legacy of Kant and of the Lutheran Reformation: Albrecht Ritschl |
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118 | (6) |
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The Legacy of Schleiermacher: Wilhelm Herrmann |
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124 | (4) |
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Regaining a Scholarly Foundation, or Cultural Protestantism at Its Height: Adolf von Harnack |
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128 | (7) |
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Cultural Protestantism and Beyond: Martin Rade |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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6. The Challenge of the Industrial Revolution |
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138 | (47) |
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The Social Gospel Movement in America: Washington Gladden, Richard Ely, Walter Rauschenbusch |
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139 | (8) |
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The English Response to Social Problems |
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147 | (11) |
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Reaching Out to the Poor — the Evangelical Solution |
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147 | (2) |
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Christian Socialism Phase 1: John M.F. Ludlow, F.D. Maurice, and Charles Kingsley |
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149 | (2) |
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Christian Socialism Phase 2: Stewart Headlam and William Temple |
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151 | (5) |
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William and Catherine Booth and the Salvation Army |
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156 | (2) |
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The German Response to Social Problems |
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158 | (10) |
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The Legacy of Pietism — Christian Home Mission: Johann Friedrich Oberlin, Theodor and Friederike Fliedner, Friedrich von Bodelschwingh, Johann Hinrich Wichern |
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159 | (5) |
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Christian Sociopolitical Involvement and the Evangelisch-Soziale Kongress: Friedrich Naumann and Adolf Stoecker |
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164 | (4) |
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The Swiss Religious Socialists: Hermann Kutter and Leonhard Ragaz |
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168 | (4) |
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From Reaction to Discernment: The Role of Roman Catholicism |
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172 | (8) |
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172 | (3) |
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Addressing the Plight of the People: Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler, Adolph Kolping, Jacques Maritain, John Courtney Murray |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (5) |
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7. Stemming the Tide of Scientific Materialism |
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185 | (47) |
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The Materialistic Mood in Germany: Ludwig Büchner, Carl Vogt, Jacob Moleschott, and Ludwig Feuerbach |
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187 | (6) |
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The Challenge of Monistic Darwinism in Germany: David Friedrich Strauss, Ernst Haeckel, Christoph Luthardt, and Otto Zöckler |
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193 | (12) |
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The British Controversy over Darwin |
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205 | (4) |
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Darwinism, American Style |
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209 | (19) |
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No Conflict between Science and Religion |
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209 | (1) |
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Evolutionary Theory in a Theistic Gown |
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210 | (7) |
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Asa Gray, the Theistic Interpreter of Darwin |
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210 | (2) |
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John Fiske, the Interpreter of Spencer |
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212 | (3) |
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Agassiz and Le Conte, a Cautious Reaction |
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215 | (2) |
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From Fear to Embrace: Protestant Theology and Evolutionary Thought |
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217 | (63) |
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The Fears of Charles Hodge |
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217 | (3) |
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From Hesitancy to Enthusiasm: J. William Dawson, James McCosh, Henry Ward Beecher, and Lyman Abbott |
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220 | (4) |
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Discerning the Mixed Blessing of Darwinism: William Graham Sumner, William James, and the Scopes Trial |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (4) |
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8. The Challenge of Religion |
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232 | (32) |
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The Babel-Bible Controversy: Friedrich Delitzsch |
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233 | (1) |
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The History of Religion School: Ernst Troeltsch and Rudolf Otto |
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234 | (9) |
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The Critique and Reassessment of Positive Religion: Auguste Comte, James G. Frazer, and William James |
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243 | (6) |
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Christianity among the World's Religions: Nathan Söderblom and Einar Billing |
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249 | (4) |
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Motif Research and Beyond: The Lundensian School; Anders Nygren, Gustaf Aulén, Gustaf Wingren, and Knud E. Løgstrup |
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253 | (6) |
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259 | (5) |
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264 | (34) |
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The Life of Jesus Research and Its Initial Impasse: Johannes Weiss and Albert Schweitzer |
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264 | (8) |
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Escaping from the Strictures of Historical Research: Martin Kähler and Rudolf Bultmann |
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272 | (8) |
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The New Quest (James M. Robinson) and the Continued Quest |
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280 | (11) |
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The Continued Quest in Germany: Joachim Jeremias and Ethelbert Stauffer |
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281 | (2) |
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The Continued Quest in Scandinavia: Harald Riesenfeld and Birger Gerhardsson |
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283 | (2) |
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The Continued Quest in Great Britain and the U.S.A.: Charles H. Dodd, Thomas W. Manson, Vincent Taylor, Norman Perrin, and Raymond E. Brown |
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285 | (6) |
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A Third Quest for the Historical Jesus |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (5) |
| 10. Neo-Reformation Theology |
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298 | (28) |
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Returning to Theology's Own Task: Karl Barth |
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298 | (10) |
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Controversial Collaborators: Rudolf Bultmann, Friedrich Gogarten, and Emil Brunner |
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308 | (8) |
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From Continuation to Reversal: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, John A.T. Robinson, and the Death-of-God Theologians |
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316 | (7) |
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323 | (3) |
| 11. Relating God and the World in North America |
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326 | (54) |
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Empirical Theology: The Chicago School |
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327 | (12) |
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The Sociohistorical Emphasis of Shailer Mathews and Shirley Jackson Case |
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328 | (5) |
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The Theocentric Phase and the Transition to Process Thought: Henry Nelson Wieman, Bernard Meland, Bernard Loomer, and Daniel D. Williams |
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333 | (6) |
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339 | (15) |
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Laying the Philosophical Groundwork: Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne |
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339 | (6) |
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Unfolding Process Theology: John B. Cobb, Jr., and David Ray Griffin |
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345 | (6) |
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Process Theology with an Existential Tinge: Schubert Ogden |
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351 | (3) |
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354 | (19) |
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Correlating Culture and the Christian Message: Paul Tillich and Langdon Gilkey |
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354 | (10) |
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Christ and Culture; or, The Long Shadow of Karl Barth: The Niebuhr Brothers |
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364 | (9) |
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373 | (7) |
| 12. Europe's Emphasis on Relating Christ to the World |
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380 | (29) |
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381 | (11) |
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The Gospel Matters: Peter T. Forsyth |
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381 | (2) |
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Christ-Centered Knowledge of God: The Baillie Brothers |
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383 | (5) |
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Theology as a Science of the Triune God: Thomas F. Torrance |
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388 | (4) |
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English Conservative Criticism |
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392 | (6) |
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The Biblical Basis: C.H. Dodd, Charles F.D. Moule, D.E. Nineham |
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392 | (3) |
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Connecting the Classical Tradition with Modernity: John Macquarrie, Richard G. Swinburne, John H. Hick |
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395 | (3) |
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398 | (8) |
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Evangelical Lay Piety: Paavo Henrik Ruotsalainen, Hans Nielsen Hauge, and Carl Olof Rosenius |
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399 | (4) |
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The Ecclesial and Sacramental Piety of Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig |
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403 | (3) |
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406 | (3) |
| 13. Theology Is More than Protestant |
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409 | (63) |
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The Entrance of Roman Catholic Theology into the Ecumenical Fold |
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410 | (38) |
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A Reformer without a Home: Hugues Félicité Robert de Lamennais |
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410 | (1) |
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Neo-scholasticism: Joseph Kleutgen, Matthias Scheeben, Johann Baptist Heinrich, Désiré Joseph Mercier, and Jacques Maritain |
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411 | (2) |
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The Catholic Tubingen School: Johann Sebastian von Drey, Johann Adam Möhler, Johann Baptist Hirscher, and Karl Adam |
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413 | (2) |
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Facing the Challenge of the Times: Anton Günther, Antonio Rosmini, and Johann Michael Sailer |
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415 | (6) |
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Caught by the Reaction of Vatican I: Johann Josef Ignaz von Döllinger and Karl Joseph von Hefele |
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421 | (2) |
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Modernistic Tendencies? Alfred Loisy, George Tyrrell, and Maurice Blondel |
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423 | (4) |
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A New Theology: Marie-Dominique Chenu and Yves Marie Joseph Congar, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Henri de Lubac, and Jean Daniélou |
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427 | (5) |
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Proclamation in a New Key: Hugo and Karl Rahner, Romano Guardini, Odo Casel, Erich Przywara, and Hans Urs von Balthasar |
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432 | (9) |
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In Reaction to Vatican II: Johann Baptist Metz, Hans Küng, and Edward Schillebeeckx |
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441 | (5) |
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Coping with Tradition and Modernity: David Tracy |
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446 | (2) |
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The Recovery of the Orthodox Tradition |
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448 | (14) |
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Russia Opens to the West: Makarii Bulgakov |
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449 | (1) |
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Turning In upon Itself The Slavophile Movement; Aleksei Khomiakov and Vladimir Solovyev |
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449 | (2) |
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Progressiveness of Russian Theology: Dimitri Merezhkovskii and Michail Tareev |
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451 | (1) |
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Russian Theology in Exile: Sergius Bulgakov, Vladimir Losskii, and Georges Florovsky |
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452 | (4) |
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Russian Theology on Foreign Soil: Alexander Schmemann and John Meyendorff |
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456 | (3) |
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Orthodox Theology in Eastern Europe and Greece: Dumitru Staniloae and Justin Popovic, Nikos Nissiotis, Joannis Zizioulas, and Christos Yannaras |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (10) |
| 14. The Emergence of New Voices |
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472 | (68) |
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472 | (15) |
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Black Theology: James H. Cone, Deotis Roberts, and Cornel West |
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472 | (7) |
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The Struggle of Liberation Theology: Clodovis and Leonardo Boff and the Vatican; Gustavo Gutiérrez |
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479 | (8) |
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Liberating the Other Half of Humanity (Feminist Theology) |
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487 | (13) |
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A Biblical Hermeneutics: Luise Schottroff and Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza |
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488 | (5) |
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A Community of Equals: Rosemary Radford Ruether |
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493 | (3) |
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Beyond God the Father: Mary Daly |
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496 | (2) |
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Womanist Theology: Delores Williams |
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498 | (2) |
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500 | (10) |
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A Practical Theology: Desmond Tutu |
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501 | (2) |
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The African Cultural-Religious Background: John Mbiti and Kwesi Dickson |
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503 | (5) |
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Doing Theology as a Woman: Mercy Oduyoye |
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508 | (2) |
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Theology with an Asian Face |
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510 | (7) |
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The Dialectic and Reality of the Cross: Kazoh Kitamori and Kosuke Koyama |
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510 | (4) |
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A Story Theology: C.S. Song |
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514 | (3) |
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Minjung Theology: Byung-Mu Ahn |
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517 | (1) |
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The Indian Tradition and Dalit Theology |
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517 | (14) |
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The Approach to Christianity from the Hindu Side: Swami Vivekananda, S. Radhakrishnan, Mahatma Gandhi, and B. Upadhayaya |
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517 | (2) |
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An Uncompromising Use of the Indian Religious Idiom: A.J. Appasamy, Chenchiah, and V Chakkarai |
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519 | (3) |
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A Christ-Centered Ecumenical Theology: M.M. Thomas |
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522 | (1) |
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Christ among the Religions of India: Stanley Samartha and Raimon Panikkar |
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523 | (6) |
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Dalit Theology: Arvind Nirmal and V. Devasahayam |
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529 | (2) |
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531 | (9) |
| 15. A Vigorous Dialogue |
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540 | (35) |
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Theology of Hope: Jurgen Moltmann and Wolthart Pannenberg |
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541 | (11) |
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Theocentric Theology: John Hick and Paul Knitter |
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552 | (8) |
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Theology and Science: Ralph Wendell Burhoe, Ian Barbour, and Karl Heim |
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560 | (11) |
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571 | (4) |
| Conclusion |
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575 | (4) |
| Bibliography |
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579 | (2) |
| Index of Names |
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581 | (9) |
| Index of Subjects |
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590 | |
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