Preface |
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xi | |
PART I TRANSPORT PROCESSES: MOMENTUM, HEAT, AND MASS |
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Introduction to Engineering Principles and Units |
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1 | (30) |
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Classification of Unit Operations and Transport Processes |
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1 | (2) |
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SI System of Basic Units Used in This Text and Other Systems |
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3 | (2) |
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Methods of Expressing Temperatures and Compositions |
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5 | (2) |
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Gas Laws and Vapor Pressure |
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7 | (2) |
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Conservation of Mass and Material Balances |
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9 | (5) |
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14 | (5) |
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Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances |
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19 | (4) |
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Graphical, Numerical, and Mathematical Methods |
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23 | (8) |
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Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances |
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31 | (83) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (7) |
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General Molecular Transport Equation for Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer |
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39 | (4) |
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43 | (4) |
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Types of Fluid Flow and Reynolds Number |
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47 | (3) |
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Overall Mass Balance and Continuity Equation |
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50 | (6) |
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56 | (13) |
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69 | (9) |
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Shell Momentum Balance and Velocity Profile in Laminar Flow |
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78 | (5) |
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Design Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Pipes |
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83 | (18) |
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Compressible Flow of Gases |
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101 | (13) |
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Principles of Momentum Transfer and Applications |
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114 | (100) |
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Flow Past Immersed Objects and Packed and Fluidized Beds |
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114 | (13) |
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Measurement of Flow of Fluids |
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127 | (6) |
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Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment |
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133 | (7) |
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Agitation and Mixing of Fluids and Power Requirements |
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140 | (13) |
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153 | (11) |
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Differential Equations of Continuity |
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164 | (6) |
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Differential Equations of Momentum Transfer or Motion |
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170 | (5) |
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Use of Differential Equations of Continuity and Motion |
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175 | (9) |
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Other Methods for Solution of Differential Equations of Motion |
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184 | (6) |
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Boundary-Layer Flow and Turbulence |
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190 | (12) |
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Dimensional Analysis in Momentum Transfer |
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202 | (12) |
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Principles of Steady-State Heat Transfer |
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214 | (116) |
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Introduction and Mechanisms of Heat Transfer |
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214 | (6) |
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220 | (3) |
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Conduction Through Solids in Series |
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223 | (10) |
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Steady-State Conduction and Shape Factors |
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233 | (3) |
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Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Pipes |
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236 | (11) |
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Heat Transfer Outside Various Geometries in Forced Convection |
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247 | (6) |
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Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
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253 | (6) |
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259 | (8) |
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267 | (9) |
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Introduction to Radiation Heat Transfer |
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276 | (5) |
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Advanced Radiation Heat-Transfer Principles |
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281 | (16) |
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Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluids |
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297 | (3) |
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Special Heat-Transfer Coefficients |
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300 | (8) |
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Dimensional Analysis in Heat Transfer |
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308 | (2) |
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Numerical Methods for Steady-State Conduction in Two Dimensions |
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310 | (20) |
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Principles of Unsteady-State Heat Transfer |
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330 | (51) |
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Derivation of Basic Equation |
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330 | (2) |
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Simplified Case for Systems with Negligible Internal Resistance |
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332 | (2) |
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Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in Various Geometries |
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334 | (16) |
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Numerical Finite-Difference Methods for Unsteady-State Conduction |
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350 | (10) |
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Chilling and Freezing of Food and Biological Materials |
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360 | (5) |
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Differential Equation of Energy Change |
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365 | (5) |
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Boundary-Layer Flow and Turbulence in Heat Transfer |
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370 | (11) |
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Principles of Mass Transfer |
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381 | (45) |
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Introduction to Mass Transfer and Diffusion |
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381 | (4) |
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Molecular Diffusion in Gases |
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385 | (12) |
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Molecular Diffusion in Liquids |
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397 | (6) |
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Molecular Diffusion in Biological Solutions and Gels |
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403 | (5) |
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Molecular Diffusion in Solids |
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408 | (5) |
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Numerical Methods for Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Two Dimensions |
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413 | (13) |
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Principles of Unsteady-State and Convective Mass Transfer |
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426 | (63) |
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426 | (6) |
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Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficients |
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432 | (5) |
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Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Various Geometries |
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437 | (13) |
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Mass Transfer to Suspensions of Small Particles |
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450 | (3) |
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Molecular Diffusion Plus Convection and Chemical Reaction |
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453 | (9) |
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Diffusion of Gases in Porous Solids and Capillaries |
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462 | (6) |
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Numerical Methods for Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion |
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468 | (6) |
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Dimensional Analysis in Mass Transfer |
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474 | (1) |
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Boundary-Layer Flow and Turbulence in Mass Transfer |
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475 | (14) |
PART 2 UNIT OPERATIONS |
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489 | (31) |
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489 | (2) |
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Types of Evaporation Equipment and Operation Methods |
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491 | (4) |
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Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Evaporators |
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495 | (1) |
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Calculation Methods for Single-Effect Evaporators |
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496 | (6) |
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Calculation Methods for Multiple-Effect Evaporators |
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502 | (9) |
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Condensers for Evaporators |
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511 | (2) |
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Evaporation of Biological Materials |
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513 | (1) |
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Evaporation Using Vapor Recompression |
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514 | (6) |
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Drying of Process Materials |
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520 | (64) |
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Introduction and Methods of Drying |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (4) |
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Vapor Pressure of Water and Humidity |
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525 | (8) |
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Equilibrium Moisture Content of Materials |
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533 | (3) |
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536 | (4) |
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Calculation Methods for Constant-Rate Drying Period |
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540 | (5) |
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Calculation Methods for Falling-Rate Drying Period |
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545 | (3) |
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Combined Convection, Radiation, and Conduction Heat Transfer in Constant-Rate Period |
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548 | (3) |
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Drying in Falling-Rate Period by Diffusion and Capillary Flow |
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551 | (5) |
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Equations for Various Types of Dryers |
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556 | (10) |
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Freeze Drying of Biological Materials |
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566 | (3) |
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Unsteady-State Thermal Processing and Sterilization of Biological Materials |
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569 | (15) |
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Stage and Continuous Gas--Liquid Separation Processes |
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584 | (56) |
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Types of Separation Processes and Methods |
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584 | (2) |
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Equilibrium Relations Between Phases |
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586 | (1) |
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Single and Multiple Equilibrium Contact Stages |
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587 | (7) |
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Mass Transfer Between Phases |
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594 | (8) |
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Continuous Humidification Processes |
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602 | (8) |
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Absorption in Plate and Packed Towers |
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610 | (17) |
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Absorption of Concentrated Mixtures in Packed Towers |
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627 | (5) |
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Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficients for Packed Towers |
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632 | (8) |
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Vapor--Liquid Separation Processes |
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640 | (57) |
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Vapor--Liquid Equilibrium Relations |
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640 | (2) |
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Single--Stage Equilibrium Contact for Vapor--Liquid System |
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642 | (2) |
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Simple Distillation Methods |
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644 | (5) |
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Distillation with Reflux and McCabe--Thiele Method |
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649 | (17) |
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Distillation and Absorption Tray Efficiencies |
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666 | (3) |
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Fractional Distillation Using Enthalpy--Concentration Method |
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669 | (10) |
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Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures |
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679 | (18) |
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Liquid--Liquid and Fluid--Solid Separation Processes |
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697 | (57) |
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Introduction to Adsorption Processes |
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697 | (3) |
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700 | (1) |
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Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Columns |
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701 | (7) |
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708 | (1) |
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Single--Stage Liquid--Liquid Extraction Processes |
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709 | (6) |
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Equipment for Liquid--Liquid Extraction |
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715 | (1) |
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Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction |
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716 | (7) |
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Introduction and Equipment for Liquid--Solid Leaching |
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723 | (6) |
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Equilibrium Relations and Single-Stage Leaching |
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729 | (4) |
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Countercurrent Multistage Leaching |
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733 | (4) |
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Introduction and Equipment for Crystallization |
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737 | (6) |
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743 | (11) |
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Membrane Separation Process |
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754 | (46) |
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Introduction and Types of Membrane Separation Processes |
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754 | (1) |
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Liquid Permeation Membrane Processes or Dialysis |
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755 | (4) |
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Gas Permeation Membrane Processes |
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759 | (5) |
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Complete-Mixing Model for Gas Separation by Membranes |
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764 | (5) |
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Complete-Mixing Model for Multicomponent Mixtures |
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769 | (3) |
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Cross-Flow Model for Gas Separation by Membranes |
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772 | (6) |
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Countercurrent-Flow Model for Gas Separation by Membranes |
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778 | (2) |
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Effects of Processing Variables on Gas Separation by Membranes |
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780 | (2) |
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Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Processes |
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782 | (6) |
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Applications, Equipment, and Models for Reverse Osmosis |
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788 | (3) |
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Ultrafiltration Membrane Processes |
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791 | (9) |
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Mechanical--Physical Separation Processes |
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800 | (95) |
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Introduction and Classification of Mechanical--Physical Separation Processes |
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800 | (1) |
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Filtration in Solid--Liquid Separation |
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801 | (14) |
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Settling and Sedimentation in Particle--Fluid Separation |
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815 | (13) |
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Centrifugal Separation Processes |
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828 | (12) |
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Mechanical Size Reduction |
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840 | (10) |
Appendix |
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Appendix A.1 Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors |
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850 | (4) |
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Appendix A.2 Physical Properties of Water |
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854 | (10) |
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Appendix A.3 Physical Properties of Inorganic and Organic Compounds |
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864 | (25) |
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Appendix A.4 Physical Properties of Foods and Biological Materials |
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889 | (3) |
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Appendix A.5 Properties of Pipes, Tubes, and Screens |
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892 | (3) |
Notation |
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895 | (10) |
Index |
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905 | |