Two Testaments, One Bible
by Baker, D. L.Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2010-03-01
Publisher(s): Ivp Academic
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Summary
During the past two millennia, the Christian church has repeatedly face challenges to its acknowledgements of both Old and New Testaments as Scripture. None of these challenges has been successful: at the dawn of the third Christian millennium, the Bible contains the same books as it did in the early church, with only slight variations between different traditions. And yet, doubts remain and questions continue to be asked.
Author Biography
David L. Baker is Senior Lecturer in Old Testament at Trinity Theological College, Perth, Western Australia. He was formerly Deputy Warden of Tynadale House, Cambridge, England. He is the author of Tight Fists or Open Hands? Wealth and Poverty in Old Testament Law (Eerdmans), and a contributor to The God of Covenant and Transforming the World? (both Apollos).
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. 13 |
| Abbreviations | p. 15 |
| The Problem | p. 21 |
| Biblical foundations | p. 23 |
| Introduction | p. 23 |
| Old Testament view | p. 25 |
| Development of future expectation | p. 26 |
| Prophetic eschatology | p. 27 |
| Apocalyptic eschatology | p. 29 |
| Expectations and tensions | p. 29 |
| New Testament view | p. 30 |
| Jesus and the Old Testament | p. 31 |
| The substructure of Christian theology | p. 31 |
| New Testament interpretation of the Old | p. 32 |
| Fulfilment and resolution | p. 33 |
| History of biblical interpretation | p. 35 |
| Early church | p. 35 |
| Apostolic Fathers | p. 36 |
| Marcion | p. 36 |
| Reactions to Marcion | p. 36 |
| Theodore and Augustine | p. 37 |
| Middle Ages | p. 38 |
| Reformation | p. 39 |
| Martin Luther | p. 39 |
| John Calvin | p. 40 |
| The Anabaptists | p. 41 |
| Council of Trent | p. 41 |
| Seventeenth to nineteenth centuries | p. 42 |
| Orthodoxy | p. 42 |
| Reaction to orthodoxy | p. 43 |
| Friedrich Schleiermacher | p. 43 |
| Historical criticism | p. 44 |
| Conservative reaction | p. 44 |
| Developmental approach | p. 44 |
| A. F. Kirkpatrick | p. 44 |
| R. L. Ottley | p. 45 |
| Analysis | p. 46 |
| Conservatism | p. 48 |
| Neo-Marcionism | p. 49 |
| The Nazi Bible | p. 50 |
| Defence of the Old Testament | p. 50 |
| Implicit Marcionism | p. 51 |
| Four key decades | p. 52 |
| 1930s | p. 53 |
| 1950s | p. 53 |
| 1970s | p. 54 |
| 1990s | p. 57 |
| Four Modern Solutions | p. 61 |
| The New Testament as the essential Bible | p. 63 |
| Rudolph Bultmann | p. 63 |
| The Old Testament and the Christian faith | p. 64 |
| Prophecy and fulfilment | p. 68 |
| Critique | p. 71 |
| Existence | p. 72 |
| History | p. 73 |
| Law and gospel | p. 73 |
| Miscarriage and promise | p. 75 |
| People of God | p. 76 |
| A relationship of contrast | p. 78 |
| Comparison | p. 78 |
| Emanuel Hirsch | p. 79 |
| Friedrich Baumgärtel | p. 79 |
| Franz Hesse | p. 83 |
| Antonius Gunneweg | p. 84 |
| The two Testaments as equally Christian Scripture | p. 87 |
| Wilhelm Vischer | p. 87 |
| The witness of the Old Testament to Christ | p. 88 |
| Old Testament interpretation | p. 90 |
| Everywhere the Scripture is about Christ alone | p. 92 |
| Critique | p. 93 |
| Method | p. 93 |
| Jesus as the Old Testament Christ | p. 94 |
| Christological Old Testament interpretation | p. 94 |
| Timeless revelation | p. 95 |
| A relationship of identity | p. 96 |
| Comparison | p. 97 |
| Karl Barth | p. 97 |
| Edmond Jacob | p. 98 |
| George Knight | p. 99 |
| Brevard Childs | p. 100 |
| Christopher Seitz | p. 106 |
| The Old Testament as the essential Bible | p. 109 |
| Arnold van Ruler | p. 109 |
| The Old Testament itself | p. 110 |
| The Old Testament and Christ | p. 112 |
| The Old Testament and the church | p. 117 |
| Critique | p. 119 |
| Incongruity | p. 119 |
| The 'surplus' | p. 121 |
| Jesus Christ as God's 'emergency measure' | p. 122 |
| Creation and salvation | p. 123 |
| Kingdom of God | p. 124 |
| A relationship of priority | p. 126 |
| Comparison | p. 127 |
| Kornelis Miskotte | p. 127 |
| James Barr | p. 131 |
| Walter Brueggemann | p. 133 |
| John Goldingay | p. 134 |
| 'Sectarian impatience' | p. 137 |
| The two Testaments as one salvation history | p. 139 |
| Gerhard von Rad | p. 139 |
| Actualization | p. 140 |
| The World and humanity | p. 141 |
| The saving event | p. 142 |
| The law | p. 144 |
| Critique | p. 145 |
| History and historicity | p. 145 |
| History and story | p. 146 |
| Tradition history | p. 149 |
| Salvation history | p. 151 |
| The question of reality | p. 152 |
| A relationship of actualization | p. 154 |
| Comparison | p. 155 |
| Oscar Cullmann and George Ernest Wright | p. 156 |
| Samuel Amsler | p. 156 |
| Wolfhart Pannenberg | p. 160 |
| Jürgen Moltmann | p. 162 |
| Hartmut Gese and Peter Stuhlmacher | p. 163 |
| Four Key Themes | p. 167 |
| Typology | p. 169 |
| Typology in modern study | p. 169 |
| Modern definitions of typology | p. 170 |
| Typology in the Old Testament | p. 171 |
| Typology in the New Testament | p. 172 |
| The relationship between the Testaments | p. 173 |
| The basis of typology | p. 175 |
| Example and pattern | p. 175 |
| Analogy and correspondence | p. 177 |
| Illustration | p. 178 |
| The nature of typology | p. 179 |
| Principles and definitions | p. 179 |
| False ideas of typology | p. 180 |
| Suggested characteristics of types | p. 182 |
| Confusion with fanciful interpretation | p. 183 |
| The 'fuller meaning' | p. 184 |
| Types and paradigms | p. 185 |
| A relationship of analogy | p. 187 |
| Promise and fulfilment | p. 191 |
| Prediction, prophecy promise | p. 191 |
| Three British scholars | p. 191 |
| Three German scholars | p. 194 |
| The Biblischer Kommentar group | p. 196 |
| Consensus achieved | p. 198 |
| Definitions | p. 199 |
| Promise in the Old Testament | p. 202 |
| Terminology | p. 202 |
| The basic promise | p. 203 |
| The promise to David | p. 205 |
| The prophetic books | p. 206 |
| Fulfilment of promise | p. 208 |
| Terminology | p. 208 |
| Fulfilment within the Old Testament | p. 209 |
| Fulfilment in Jesus Christ | p. 210 |
| Fulfilment without consummation | p. 213 |
| A relationship of interdependence | p. 217 |
| Continuity and discontinuity | p. 219 |
| Continuity and discontinuity | p. 219 |
| A continuous history | p. 219 |
| Intertestamental period | p. 220 |
| Judaism and Christianity | p. 221 |
| Historical discontinuities | p. 223 |
| Israel and the church | p. 224 |
| The new Israel | p. 225 |
| One people of God | p. 226 |
| Palestine, the Jews and Judaism | p. 228 |
| Unity in diversity | p. 230 |
| Theological unity | p. 230 |
| Theological diversity | p. 232 |
| A relationship of tension | p. 233 |
| Covenant | p. 237 |
| Old covenant | p. 237 |
| Terminology | p. 237 |
| Covenants in the Old Testament | p. 239 |
| God's covenant with Abraham | p. 242 |
| Confirmation of the covenant | p. 243 |
| Covenant and worship | p. 247 |
| Covenant-breaking and renewal | p. 248 |
| Early days | p. 249 |
| Monarchy | p. 250 |
| After exile | p. 254 |
| New covenant | p. 255 |
| The prophetic message | p. 255 |
| The newness of the new covenant | p. 259 |
| New covenant in the New Testament | p. 261 |
| Conclusion | p. 265 |
| The theological relationship between the Testaments | p. 267 |
| Summary of the problem | p. 267 |
| Biblical foundations | p. 268 |
| Historical survey | p. 268 |
| 'New Testament' solutions | p. 268 |
| 'Old Testament' solutions | p. 269 |
| The need for a 'biblical' solution | p. 270 |
| Towards a 'biblical' solution | p. 271 |
| Christology | p. 271 |
| Salvation history | p. 272 |
| Typology | p. 273 |
| Promise and fulfilment | p. 273 |
| Continuity and discontinuity | p. 274 |
| Covenant | p. 275 |
| Implications for theology and church | p. 276 |
| The authority of the Old Testament | p. 276 |
| Old and New Testament interpretation | p. 278 |
| Biblical theology | p. 279 |
| Bibliography | p. 282 |
| Index of Bible references | p. 351 |
| Index of authors | p. 362 |
| Index of subjects | p. 371 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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