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Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic A?gammaA"-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms.
This book presents the motivations and highlights the principal objectives of the field, as well as demonstrates its intrinsic links to other branches of high energy astrophysics. Preference is given to three topical areas: (i) origin of cosmic rays: (ii) physics and astrophysics of relativistic jets: (iii) observational gamma ray cosmology. Also, a significant part of the book is devoted to the discussion of the principal mechanisms of production and absorption of energetic A?gammaA"-rays in different astrophysical environments, as well as to the description of the detection methods of high energy cosmic A?gammaA"- radiation.
Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation : A Crucial Window on the Extreme Universe
by Aharonian, Felix A.Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-10-01
Publisher(s): World Scientific Pub Co Inc
List Price: $194.00
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Summary
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. v |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| "The Last Electromagnetic Window" | p. 1 |
| Energy Domains of Gamma Ray Astronomy | p. 4 |
| Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Discipline in Its Own Right | p. 7 |
| Status of the Field | p. 23 |
| Low Energy Gamma Ray Sources | p. 24 |
| The COMPTEL source catalog | p. 25 |
| High Energy Gamma Ray Sources | p. 31 |
| GeV blazars | p. 34 |
| GeV pulsars | p. 36 |
| Unidentified EGRET sources | p. 39 |
| The Status of Ground-Based Gamma Ray Astronomy | p. 42 |
| Brief historical review | p. 42 |
| Reported TeV sources | p. 46 |
| The Crab Nebula | p. 47 |
| Other plerions | p. 51 |
| Gamma ray pulsars | p. 54 |
| Gamma rays from supernova remnants | p. 54 |
| Other galactic sources | p. 63 |
| TeV blazars | p. 67 |
| Other extragalactic objects | p. 79 |
| Next generation of IACT arrays | p. 83 |
| Atmospheric Cherenkov radiation | p. 83 |
| Stereoscopic detection of Cherenkov images | p. 84 |
| IACT arrays | p. 87 |
| Sub-10 GeV ground based detectors? | p. 90 |
| Large field-of-view detectors | p. 95 |
| IACT arrays for probing PeV [gamma]-rays | p. 96 |
| Gamma Ray Production and Absorption Mechanisms | p. 99 |
| Interactions with Matter | p. 100 |
| Electron bremsstrahlung and pair-production | p. 101 |
| Electron-positron annihilation | p. 105 |
| Gamma rays produced by relativistic protons | p. 106 |
| [pi superscript 0]-decay gamma rays | p. 106 |
| Nuclear gamma ray line emission | p. 110 |
| Interactions with Photon Fields | p. 112 |
| Inverse Compton scattering | p. 113 |
| Photon-photon pair production | p. 117 |
| Interactions of hadrons with radiation fields | p. 121 |
| Interactions with Magnetic Fields | p. 123 |
| Synchrotron radiation and pair-production | p. 123 |
| Synchrotron radiation of protons | p. 126 |
| Relativistic Electron-Photon Cascades | p. 130 |
| Gamma Rays and Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays | p. 135 |
| Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays: General Remarks | p. 135 |
| What do we know about Cosmic Rays? | p. 135 |
| What we do not know about Cosmic Rays? | p. 137 |
| Common beliefs and "nasty" problems | p. 140 |
| Searching for sites of production of GCRs | p. 143 |
| Giant Molecular Clouds as Tracers of Cosmic Ray | p. 147 |
| Proton fluxes in the ISM near the accelerator | p. 149 |
| Impulsive source | p. 149 |
| Continuous source | p. 151 |
| The case of dense gas regions | p. 154 |
| Gamma rays from a cloud near the accelerator | p. 155 |
| Accelerator inside the cloud | p. 159 |
| On the level of the "sea" of galactic cosmic rays | p. 161 |
| Probing the Sources of VHE CR Electrons | p. 165 |
| Distributions of VHE electrons | p. 166 |
| Extended regions of IC gamma radiation | p. 168 |
| Diffuse Radiation from the Galactic Disk | p. 173 |
| CR spectra in the inner Galaxy | p. 174 |
| Diffuse radiation associated with cosmic ray electrons | p. 177 |
| IC gamma rays | p. 177 |
| Electron bremsstrahlung | p. 181 |
| Annihilation of CR positrons in flight | p. 182 |
| Gamma rays of nucleonic origin | p. 183 |
| Overall gamma ray fluxes | p. 185 |
| Probing the diffuse [gamma]-ray background on small scales | p. 189 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 195 |
| Gamma Ray Visibility of Supernova Remnants | p. 199 |
| Gamma Rays as a Diagnostic Tool | p. 199 |
| Inverse Compton Versus [pi superscript 0]-Decay Gamma Rays | p. 205 |
| Synchrotron X-ray Emission of SNRs | p. 208 |
| TeV Gamma Radiation of SN 1006 and Similar SNRs | p. 209 |
| Inverse Compton models of TeV emission | p. 209 |
| Hadronic origin of TeV emission? | p. 215 |
| Distinct features of electronic and hadronic models | p. 217 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 219 |
| Molecular Clouds Overtaken by SNRs | p. 220 |
| Bremsstrahlung X-rays from [gamma] Cygni | p. 223 |
| The case of RX J1713.7-3946 | p. 225 |
| A Special Case: Gamma Rays from Cassiopeia A | p. 231 |
| "PeV SNRs" | p. 238 |
| Pulsars, Pulsar Winds, Plerions | p. 243 |
| Magnetospheric Gamma Rays | p. 244 |
| Polar cap versus outer gap models | p. 247 |
| Magnetospheric TeV gamma rays? | p. 251 |
| Gamma Rays from Unshocked Pulsar Winds | p. 253 |
| Characteristics of the KED wind | p. 254 |
| The ejection rate and the particle spectrum | p. 255 |
| IC Radiation of the pulsar wind in Crab | p. 256 |
| Gamma rays from winds of PSR B1706-44 and Vela? | p. 261 |
| IC [gamma]-rays from the binary pulsar PSR B1259-63 | p. 265 |
| Gamma Rays from Pulsar Driven Nebulae | p. 268 |
| Broad-band nonthermal radiation of the Crab Nebula | p. 268 |
| Synchrotron and IC radiation | p. 270 |
| Second High Energy Synchrotron Component | p. 273 |
| Bremsstrahlung and [pi superscript 0]-decay gamma rays? | p. 275 |
| The objectives of future gamma ray studies | p. 278 |
| High Energy Gamma Rays from Other Plerions | p. 281 |
| Time-evolution of electrons | p. 283 |
| Target photon fields | p. 284 |
| Effects of B-field, electron energy, and pulsar age | p. 286 |
| Synchrotron and IC nebulae around PSR B1706-44 | p. 289 |
| Gamma Rays Expected from Microquasars | p. 293 |
| Do We Expect Gamma Rays from X-Ray Binaries? | p. 293 |
| Nonthermal Phenomena in Microquasars | p. 295 |
| Modelling of Radio Flares of GRS 1915+105 | p. 301 |
| Expected Gamma Ray Fluxes | p. 304 |
| Searching for Gamma Ray Signals from Microquasars | p. 309 |
| The Case of Microblazars | p. 311 |
| Ultraluminous Sources as Microblazars? | p. 313 |
| Persistent Gamma Ray Emission from Extended Lobes | p. 317 |
| Large Scale Jets of Radio Galaxies and Quasars | p. 321 |
| Synchrotron and IC Models of Large Scale AGN Jets | p. 323 |
| Ultra High Energy Protons in Jets | p. 327 |
| Secondary electrons | p. 327 |
| Synchrotron radiation of protons | p. 330 |
| Pictor A, PKS 0637-752, and 3C 120 | p. 332 |
| The case of 3C 273 | p. 339 |
| Large Scale Jets Powered by Gamma Rays | p. 347 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 354 |
| Nonthermal Phenomena in Clusters of Galaxies | p. 359 |
| Nonthermal Particles and Magnetic Fields | p. 359 |
| Inverse Compton and Bremsstrahlung Models | p. 364 |
| Inverse Compton models | p. 364 |
| Nonrelativistic bremsstrahlung | p. 368 |
| Synchrotron X- and [gamma]-rays of "Photonic" Origin? | p. 369 |
| Nonthermal Radiation Components Associated with Very High and Extremely High Energy Protons | p. 378 |
| High energy radiation from cores of clusters | p. 379 |
| Detectability of gamma rays | p. 384 |
| Detectability of X-rays | p. 386 |
| Nonthermal radiation beyond the cluster cores | p. 388 |
| Weak magnetic field | p. 389 |
| Intermediate magnetic field | p. 390 |
| Strong magnetic field | p. 390 |
| TeV Blazars and Cosmic Background Radiation | p. 393 |
| Cosmic Infrared Background Radiation | p. 394 |
| Intergalactic Absorption of Gamma Rays | p. 397 |
| TeV Blazars | p. 399 |
| Leptonic Models of TeV Blazars | p. 402 |
| Constraints on the SSC parameter space | p. 404 |
| Time-dependent SSC treatment | p. 409 |
| The case of 1ES 1426+428 | p. 415 |
| Hadronic Models | p. 417 |
| Mass-loaded hadronic jet models | p. 418 |
| Photo-pion and synchrotron losses of protons | p. 419 |
| Proton synchrotron models | p. 422 |
| Fitting the TeV spectrum of Mkn 501 | p. 423 |
| X-rays from secondary electrons | p. 425 |
| Broad band SED of 1ES 1426+428 within the proton-synchrotron model | p. 427 |
| "IR background-TeV Gamma Ray Crisis"? | p. 432 |
| High Energy Gamma Rays--Carriers of Unique Cosmological Information | p. 437 |
| Probing DEBRA Through [gamma]-Ray Absorption Features | p. 437 |
| The Effect of Cascading in the CIB | p. 447 |
| Pair Halos as Unique Cosmological Candles | p. 450 |
| Diffuse Extragalactic Background as Calorimetric Measure of the VHE Emissivity of the Universe | p. 460 |
| Spherically symmetric diffusion from a single source | p. 463 |
| Evolution of relativistic electrons in an expanding magnetised medium | p. 465 |
| Kinetic equation | p. 465 |
| Time-independent energy losses | p. 467 |
| Expanding cloud | p. 470 |
| Bibliography | p. 473 |
| Index | p. 493 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
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