Preface |
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vii | |
PART I READING AND WRITING |
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1 | (102) |
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Chapter 1 How to Read Philosophy |
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3 | (18) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (6) |
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Rule 1-1 Approach the Text with an Open Mind |
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8 | (1) |
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Rule 1-2 Read Actively and Critically |
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9 | (1) |
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Rule 1-3 Identify the Conclusion First, Then the Premises |
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10 | (1) |
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Rule 1-4 Outline, Paraphrase, or Summarize the Argument |
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11 | (1) |
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Rule 1-5 Evaluate the Argument and Formulate a Tentative Judgment |
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12 | (1) |
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Writing a Paraphrase or Summary |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (5) |
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Chapter 2 How to Read an Argument |
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21 | (22) |
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21 | (6) |
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27 | (12) |
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Rule 2-1 Know the Basics of Deductive and Inductive Arguments |
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27 | (3) |
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Rule 2-2 Determine Whether the Conclusion Follows from the Premises |
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30 | (8) |
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Rule 2-3 Determine Whether the Premises Are True |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Rules of Style and Content for Philosophical Writing |
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43 | (12) |
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Rule 3-1 Write to Your Audience |
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43 | (1) |
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Rule 3-2 Avoid Pretentiousness |
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44 | (2) |
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Rule 3-3 Keep the Authority of Philosophers in Perspective |
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46 | (1) |
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Rule 3-4 Do Not Overstate Premises or Conclusions |
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46 | (1) |
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Rule 3-5 Treat Opponents and Opposing Views Fairly |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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Rule 3-7 Avoid Inappropriate Emotional Appeals |
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51 | (1) |
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Rule 3-8 Be Careful What You Assume |
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52 | (1) |
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Rule 3-9 Write in First Person |
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53 | (1) |
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Rule 3-10 Avoid Discriminatory Language |
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53 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Defending a Thesis in an Argumentative Essay |
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55 | (30) |
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56 | (12) |
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56 | (2) |
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Argument Supporting the Thesis |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (8) |
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Writing the Essay: Step by Step |
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68 | (12) |
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Step 1 Select a Topic and Narrow It to a Specific Issue |
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69 | (1) |
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Step 2 Research the Issue |
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70 | (1) |
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Step 3 Write a Thesis Statement |
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71 | (1) |
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Step 4 Create an Outline of the Whole Essay |
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72 | (3) |
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Step 5 Write a First Draft |
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75 | (3) |
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Step 6 Study and Revise Your First Draft |
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78 | (1) |
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Step 7 Produce a Final Draft |
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79 | (1) |
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An Annotated Sample Paper |
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80 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Avoiding Fallacious Reasoning |
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85 | (11) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Using, Quoting, and Citing Sources |
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96 | (7) |
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Rule 6-1 Know When and How to Quote Sources |
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96 | (3) |
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Rule 6-2 Do Not Plagiarize |
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99 | (2) |
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Rule 6-3 Cite Your Sources Carefully |
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101 | (1) |
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Rule 6-4 Build a Bibliography if Needed |
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101 | (2) |
PART 2 REFERENCE GUIDE |
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103 | (23) |
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Chapter 7 Writing Effective Sentences |
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105 | (13) |
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Rule 7-1 Make the Subject and Verb Agree in Number and Person |
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105 | (2) |
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Rule 7-2 Express Parallel Ideas in Parallel Form |
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107 | (1) |
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Rule 7-3 Write in Complete Sentences, Not Fragments |
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108 | (1) |
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Rule 7-4 Connect Independent Clauses Properly |
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109 | (2) |
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Rule 7-5 Delete the Deadwood |
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111 | (1) |
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Rule 7-6 Put Modifiers in Their Place |
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112 | (2) |
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Rule 7-7 Be Consistent in Tense, Voice, Number, and Person |
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114 | (1) |
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Rule 7-8 Communicate Pronoun References Clearly |
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115 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Choosing the Right Words |
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118 | (8) |
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Rule 8-1 Select Nouns and Verbs Precisely |
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118 | (1) |
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Rule 8-2 Prefer the Active Voice |
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118 | (1) |
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Rule 8-3 Use Specific Terms |
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119 | (1) |
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Rule 8-4 Avoid Redundancy |
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119 | (1) |
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Rule 8-5 Be Aware of the Connotations of Words |
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120 | (1) |
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Rule 8-6 Learn to Distinguish Words That Writers Frequently Mix Up |
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121 | (2) |
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Rule 8-7 Strive for Freshness; Avoid Clichés |
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123 | (1) |
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Rule 8-8 Do Not Mix Metaphors |
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124 | (1) |
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Rule 8-9 Beware of Awkward Repetition |
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124 | (2) |
Appendix A Formatting Your Paper |
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126 | (7) |
Appendix B Documenting Your Sources |
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133 | (13) |
Index |
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146 | |