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PART I Batch Processing General Overview |
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3 | (4) |
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Batch Processing Industries |
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7 | (36) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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Industries That Use Batch Processing |
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10 | (1) |
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Batch Processing in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
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10 | (17) |
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Life-Cycle of a Drug Product |
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10 | (2) |
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Pharmaceutical Product Development |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Post-Approval Clinical Studies (Phase IV) |
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16 | (1) |
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Pharmaceutical Process Development |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Optimization of Product Development |
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20 | (2) |
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Optimal Process Development |
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22 | (1) |
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Case Study: Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (4) |
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Batch Processing in the Specialty Chemicals and Household Chemicals Industries |
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27 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Batch Processes in the Food Industry |
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31 | (5) |
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36 | (7) |
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37 | (6) |
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PART II Batch Processing Design Issues |
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Conceptual Design and Synthesis of Batch Processes |
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43 | (40) |
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44 | (1) |
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Synthesis Problem Formulation and Solution Approaches |
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45 | (3) |
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Methods and Tools for Knowledge Generation |
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48 | (10) |
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Batch Operation Task Identification |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Analysis of Initial Charge and Products |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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Identification and Selection of Operational Variables |
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53 | (1) |
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Definition of Operational Constraints and Performance Index |
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54 | (2) |
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Information (Knowledge) Representation |
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56 | (1) |
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Process Representation Frameworks |
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57 | (1) |
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Methods and Tools for Generating Alternatives |
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58 | (13) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Separation Task: Batch Distillation |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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Separation: Solution Crystallization |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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Methods and Tools: Verify and Analyze Alternatives |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (7) |
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Network of Separation (Crystallization) Tasks |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Step 1: Generate the Phase Diagrams at Different Temperatures |
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72 | (1) |
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Step 2: Check for Feasibility of the Specified Salt |
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72 | (2) |
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Step 3: Choose the First (Operation) Crystallization Temperature |
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74 | (1) |
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Step 4: Precipitation of Salts (by Evaporation of Solvent) |
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75 | (2) |
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Step 5: Verification by Simulation |
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77 | (2) |
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Useful References for Further Study |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (4) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (1) |
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Batch Reactors in the Bioindustries |
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83 | (24) |
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84 | (1) |
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Stoichiometric Considerations |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (4) |
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Substrates Extracted from a Gas Phase |
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92 | (3) |
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Mass Balances for Bioreactors Working in the Batch Mode |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (9) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (44) |
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108 | (3) |
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Early Theoretical Analysis |
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111 | (9) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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McCabe--Thiele Graphical Method |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (7) |
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120 | (3) |
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Low Holdup Semirigorous Model |
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123 | (1) |
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Shortcut Model and Feasibility Considerations |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Model Selection Guidelines |
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127 | (1) |
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Optimization and Optimal Control Problems |
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127 | (6) |
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128 | (1) |
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Performance Indices for Optimal Control Problems |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Emerging Batch Columns, Complex Systems, and Synthesis |
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133 | (11) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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Complex Batch Distillation Systems |
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137 | (1) |
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Azeotropic Batch Distillation |
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138 | (1) |
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Extractive Batch Distillation |
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139 | (1) |
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Reactive Batch Distillation |
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140 | (1) |
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Batch Distillation Synthesis |
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141 | (2) |
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Computer-Aided Design Software |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (7) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (5) |
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151 | (54) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (9) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Crystal Structure and Crystal Shape |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (7) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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Comments on Size Enlargement |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (8) |
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Particle Size Distributions and Population Balances |
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169 | (1) |
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Particle Size Distributions |
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169 | (1) |
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Population Balance Equations |
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170 | (2) |
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Solution of Population Balance Equations (PBEs) |
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172 | (1) |
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Mass Balance: Desupersaturation and Population Balances |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Design and Modeling Decisions |
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177 | (4) |
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Methods for Inducing Supersaturation |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Control of Supersaturation |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Evaporation and Addition of Antisolvents |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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Concentration Measurement |
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182 | (1) |
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Polymorph Characterization |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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Step 2: Physical Property and Crystallization Kinetics Data |
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183 | (1) |
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Step 3: Modeling and Validation Experiments |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (10) |
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Population Balance Equation Solutions |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (10) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (8) |
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Crystallization and Associated Solid--Liquid Separations |
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205 | (50) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (17) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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Nucleation in Industrial Crystallizers |
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210 | (1) |
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Phase Diagram and Nucleation Thresholds |
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211 | (1) |
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Self-Nucleating or Seeding Batch Crystallization |
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212 | (1) |
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Measurement of Solubility Data |
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213 | (1) |
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Measurement of Nucleation Thresholds |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (6) |
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Filtration in Centrifugal Field |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (1) |
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Influence of Particle Size and Shape on Solid--Liquid Separation |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (16) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Feasibility Testing Crystallization |
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226 | (1) |
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Vapor Diffusion Crystallization |
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227 | (1) |
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Miniature Feasibility Crystallization Tests |
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228 | (1) |
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Liter-Scale Stirred Vessel Crystallization |
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228 | (3) |
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Experimental Objectives of Liter-Scale Crystallization |
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231 | (3) |
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Purity and Mean Crystal Size |
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234 | (1) |
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Selection of Appropriate Mode of Solid--Liquid Separation |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Lab-Scale Filtration Tests |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Lab-Scale Centrifugation Tests |
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239 | (1) |
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Particle Size Measurement |
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240 | (1) |
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Suspension and Filtrate Rheology |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (4) |
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245 | (10) |
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Crystallization Equipment |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Modular Crystallization Equipment |
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245 | (2) |
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Stainless Steel Agitated Tank Crystallizers |
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247 | (1) |
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Scraped-Surface Crystallization |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Solid--Liquid Separation Equipment |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Monoplate Pressure Filter/Nutsche Filter |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Vertical Basket Centrifuge |
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250 | (1) |
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Inverting Filter Centrifuge |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (4) |
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Pollution Prevention for Batch Pharmaceutical and Specialty Chemical Processes |
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255 | (50) |
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256 | (3) |
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Pollution Sources and Controls in Batch Industries |
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259 | (16) |
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Batch Operations in Pharmaceutical and Specialty Chemical Industries |
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260 | (1) |
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Multipurpose Plant Operation |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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Pollution from Batch Operations |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Pollution Control Regulations |
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268 | (1) |
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Air Emissions Regulations |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Regulations for Solid Wastes |
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270 | (1) |
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Regulatory Incentives for Pollution Prevention |
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271 | (2) |
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Cap-and-Trade Regulatory Model |
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273 | (2) |
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Implementation of Pollution Prevention |
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275 | (11) |
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Available Pollution Prevention Technologies |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (2) |
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Wastewater Treatment Plant |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Off-Site Disposal and Landfill |
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278 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Pollution Prevention |
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278 | (2) |
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Software Tools for Pollution Prevention |
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280 | (3) |
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Computer-Aided Methods for the Synthesis of Waste Reduction Options |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Batch Process Design with Ecological Considerations |
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284 | (1) |
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Waste Reduction Methodologies for Batch Processes |
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284 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Process Synthesis |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (6) |
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Case Study A. Multiperiod Waste Treatment Synthesis |
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286 | (1) |
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Initial Plant Infrastructure |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (3) |
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Case Study B. The Impact of Regulations on Manufacturing Practices |
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290 | (1) |
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Comparison of Regulatory Models |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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Summary of Pollution Prevention Software |
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293 | (12) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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Process Simulation Software Tools |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (9) |
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PART III Batch Processing Management |
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Batch Process Modeling and Optimization |
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305 | (84) |
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306 | (5) |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (1) |
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What to Gain from Modeling and Optimization? |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Modeling for Optimization |
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311 | (17) |
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Fundamental--Empirical Modeling |
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312 | (1) |
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Empirical Regression Models |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Model and Process Uncertainty |
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315 | (2) |
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Discrete--Continuous Model Structures |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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General Discrete--Continuous Hybrid Models |
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319 | (3) |
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Accommodating Structural Design Decisions |
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322 | (3) |
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The Treatment of Implicit Discontinuities |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Flexibility and Robustness |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (23) |
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Design of Batch Processes with Fixed Structure |
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328 | (1) |
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Mathematical Problem Formulation |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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Solution via Control Vector Parameterization |
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331 | (4) |
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Solution via Full Discretization |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (3) |
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Structural Design of Batch Processes |
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340 | (1) |
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Mathematical Problem Formulation |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (2) |
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Solution Algorithms for MIDO Problems |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (3) |
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351 | (1) |
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Optimization-Based Online Control and Operation |
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351 | (27) |
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Mathematical Problem Formulation |
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353 | (4) |
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357 | (1) |
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Batch-to-Batch Optimization |
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357 | (1) |
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Direct Online Optimization |
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358 | (1) |
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Tracking of the Necessary Conditions of Optimality |
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359 | (1) |
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Decomposition Approaches for Online Optimization |
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360 | (2) |
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Algorithms for Online Optimization |
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362 | (1) |
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Dynamic Data Reconciliation |
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363 | (1) |
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Real-Time Dynamic Optimization Algorithms |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (13) |
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378 | (11) |
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380 | (9) |
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Batch Process Management: Planning and Scheduling |
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389 | (30) |
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390 | (6) |
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Why Accurate Planning and Scheduling Are Needed |
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391 | (1) |
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Where Do Planning and Scheduling Fit? |
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392 | (1) |
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Importance of Integration |
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393 | (1) |
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How Can You Design a Plant without Planning or Scheduling? |
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394 | (1) |
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Steps for Real-World Planning and Scheduling |
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394 | (2) |
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Data and System Requirements |
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396 | (1) |
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Importance of Forecast Data |
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396 | (1) |
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Importance of System Architecture |
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397 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Batch Plants |
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397 | (5) |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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Planning and Scheduling Approaches |
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402 | (3) |
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Single-Stage Multiproduct Plants (Sequencing) |
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405 | (1) |
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Multistage Multiproduct and Multipurpose Plants (Flowshops and Jobshops) |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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How to Handle Uncertainty |
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408 | (2) |
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Rapid Ramp-Up of Specialty Chemicals |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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Real-Time vs. Offline Applications |
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410 | (1) |
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Planning and Scheduling in the Future |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (8) |
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412 | (4) |
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416 | (3) |
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Monitoring and Control of Batch Processes |
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419 | (44) |
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420 | (4) |
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The Batch Control Problem |
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422 | (2) |
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Batch Operations and Process Modeling |
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424 | (11) |
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Development of an Operations Model |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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Data-Driven Process Modeling |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (2) |
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Application-Specific Models |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (8) |
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Development of a Monitoring Model |
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435 | (1) |
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Online Estimation of Final Product Concentration |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (3) |
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440 | (3) |
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Batch Control Problem Solutions |
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443 | (9) |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (1) |
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Closed-Loop Optimizing Control |
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445 | (1) |
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Single-Variable Control Layer |
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446 | (1) |
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Multi- and Single-Variable Control Layers |
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447 | (1) |
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Iterative Learning Control |
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448 | (1) |
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Model Predictive and Iterative Learning Control |
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448 | (4) |
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452 | (6) |
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Modeling for Prediction and Control |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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Simulated Production of Yeast |
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454 | (4) |
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Discussion and Conclusions |
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458 | (5) |
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459 | (4) |
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463 | (54) |
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464 | (6) |
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Definition of Supply Chain |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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Process Industry Supply Chains |
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466 | (2) |
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Different Views of the Process Industry Supply Chain |
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468 | (1) |
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Typical Supply-Chain Problems |
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469 | (1) |
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Supply-Chain Network Design and Strategy |
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470 | (11) |
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Modeling Uncertainty through Scenarios |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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The Scenario-Based Approach to Infrastructure Planning |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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Data Required by the Scenario-Based Approach |
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476 | (1) |
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Objectives of the Scenario-Based Approach |
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477 | (1) |
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Results Produced by the Scenario-Based Approach |
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477 | (1) |
|
A Case Study from the Pharmaceutical Industry |
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477 | (2) |
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An Industrial Application of Network Design |
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479 | (1) |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (15) |
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Elements of Supply-Chain Planning |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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Performance Measurement for Demand Management |
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482 | (4) |
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Beyond ``Passive'' Demand Management |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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Finished Goods Inventory Management |
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487 | (1) |
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Production Campaign Optimization |
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487 | (2) |
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Setting Safety Stock Levels |
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489 | (2) |
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Production and Distribution Planning |
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491 | (2) |
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Planning Models for Production and Distribution |
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493 | (2) |
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Supply-Chain Planning: An Industrial Example |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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Supply-Chain Operation: Execution and Control |
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496 | (9) |
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Supply-Chain Dynamics, Simulation, and Policy Analysis |
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|
497 | (7) |
|
An Industrial Application |
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504 | (1) |
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504 | (1) |
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Organizational Systems and IT Issues |
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505 | (3) |
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506 | (2) |
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Performance Measures and Benchmarking |
|
|
508 | (2) |
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Benefits of Modeling Approach to Supply-Chain Management |
|
|
509 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
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|
510 | (7) |
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512 | (5) |
|
PART IV Future of Batch Processing |
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|
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Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects |
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|
517 | (8) |
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|
Globalization and Increased Competition |
|
|
517 | (4) |
|
Demand for Differentiated Products or New Routes to Known Products |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Environment, Health, and Safety |
|
|
522 | (1) |
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|
523 | (2) |
| Index |
|
525 | |
Other versions by this Author