Finnish,9780415207058

Finnish

by
ISBN13: 9780415207058
ISBN10: 0415207053
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-10-05
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $40.95

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Summary

Here is the ideal reference grammar for anyone studying Finnish. It provides a systematic account of the structures of the written language and also features the characteristics of colloquial Finnish as spoken in Helsinki and surrounding areas. It assumes no prior knowledge of the language and clearly explains grammatical rules in a jargon-free manner. Features include: * pronunciation guide * thorough discussions of word and sentence structure * inflection tables * subject index. This grammar was first published in 1983, and continues to be a favorite with students as well as professional linguists.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
List of abbreviations
x
Introduction
1(8)
The relation of Finnish to other languages
1(1)
Finnish past and present
2(2)
The basic characteristics of Finnish
4(2)
What are the special difficulties?
6(3)
Pronunciation and sound structure
9(9)
Letters and sounds
9(1)
Vowels and consonants
10(2)
Short and long sounds
12(2)
Diphthongs
14(1)
Syllables
14(1)
Stress and intonation
15(1)
Vowel harmony
16(2)
A survey of word structure
18(10)
Nominals and their endings
18(3)
Finite verb forms and their endings
21(3)
Non-finite verb forms and their endings
24(4)
Two important sound alternations
28(16)
Consonant gradation (p, t, k)
28(10)
Vowel changes before -i- endings
38(6)
The declension of nominals
44(11)
General
44(2)
Nominals with a basic form in -i
46(3)
Nominals with a basic form in -e
49(1)
Nominals with a basic form ending in a consonant
50(5)
The conjugation of verbs
55(6)
General
55(1)
Infinitive endings
56(1)
Inflectional stems
57(4)
Basic sentence structure
61(15)
Present tense personal endings
61(2)
The nominative (basic form of nominals)
63(4)
Singular and plural
67(1)
The verb olla `(to) be'
68(1)
`To have' in Finnish
69(1)
Negative sentences
69(2)
Questions and answers
71(3)
Concord of attributes
74(2)
The partitive
76(15)
Formation of the partitive
76(6)
Use of the partitive
82(9)
The genitive, possessive suffixes and the accusative
91(16)
Formation of the genitive
91(4)
Use of the genitive
95(2)
Possessive suffixes
97(3)
What is the accusative?
100(2)
The accusative endings
102(3)
Quantity adverbs taking an object case
105(2)
The six local cases
107(16)
General
107(1)
Inessive
108(2)
Elative
110(2)
Illative
112(3)
Adessive
115(2)
Ablative
117(2)
Allative
119(1)
Directional verbs
120(1)
Place names
121(2)
Other cases
123(6)
Essive
123(2)
Translative
125(2)
Abessive, comitative and instructive
127(2)
Numerals
129(7)
Cardinal numbers
129(5)
Ordinal numbers
134(2)
Pronouns
136(16)
Personal pronouns
136(2)
Demonstrative pronouns
138(2)
Interrogative pronouns
140(2)
Indefinite pronouns
142(7)
Relative pronouns
149(3)
Tenses
152(10)
Present tense
152(1)
Past tense
152(4)
Perfect tense
156(2)
Pluperfect tense
158(1)
Negative forms
159(3)
Moods
162(10)
Indicative
162(1)
Conditional
162(3)
Imperative
165(4)
Potential
169(3)
The passive
172(10)
General
172(1)
Passive present
173(2)
Passive past
175(2)
Passive perfect and pluperfect
177(3)
Passive moods
180(2)
Infinitives
182(12)
General
182(1)
First infinitive
183(1)
Second infinitive
184(4)
Third infinitive
188(4)
Fourth infinitive
192(2)
Participles
194(17)
General
194(1)
Present participle active
195(1)
Present participle passive
196(2)
The past participles
198(2)
The participial construction
200(5)
The temporal construction
205(2)
The agent construction
207(4)
Comparison of adjectives
211(7)
Comparative
211(3)
Superlative
214(4)
Other word classes
218(13)
Adverbs
218(3)
Prepositions
221(1)
Postpositions
222(4)
Conjunctions
226(2)
Particles
228(3)
Word formation
231(13)
General
231(1)
Derivation
232(9)
Compounding
241(3)
The colloquial spoken language
244(5)
General
244(1)
Omission and assimilation of sounds
245(1)
Differences of form
246(3)
Appendix: Inflection tables 249(18)
Subject index 267

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