Imaging and Urodynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract
by Patel, UdayEdition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2010-01-30
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary
This book is a practical text covering the imaging techniques and the range of urodynamic problems the trainee and practising urologist is likely to encounter including; congenital abnormalities of the bladder, functional abnormalities of the bladder, intraluminal abnormalities and staging of bladder cancer. The urethra and lower urinary tract are also dealt with. Although these disorders are covered in the major reference works, there is a need for a practical, accessible, user friendly text which provides clear and unambiguous guidelines on the best practice available.
Author Biography
Uday Patel, MBChB MRCP FRCR heads up the imaging department at the Prostate Centre, London, UK. He is also a Consultant Uro-Radiologist at St. George's Hospital and The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK. He is an internationally recognized expert in urological imaging, as both a practitioner and a teacher.
Table of Contents
| The Bladder | p. 1 |
| The Normal Bladder | p. 3 |
| Embryology of the Bladder | p. 3 |
| Anatomy of the Bladder (and Prostate) | p. 3 |
| The Urinary Bladder | p. 3 |
| Relations of the Bladder | p. 4 |
| Blood Supply to the Bladder | p. 5 |
| Nerve Supply to the Bladder | p. 5 |
| The Prostate | p. 5 |
| Gross Anatomy of the Prostate | p. 5 |
| Physiology of the Bladder and Control of Micturition | p. 5 |
| Bibliography | p. 6 |
| Imaging Modalities Used for Assessment of the Bladder | p. 9 |
| Plain Abdominal Radiograph | p. 9 |
| Intravenous Urogram (IVU) | p. 9 |
| Cystography | p. 11 |
| Ultrasound | p. 12 |
| Ultrasound of the Bladder: Technique | p. 12 |
| Sonographic Appearances of the Normal Bladder | p. 12 |
| Color Doppler Ultrasound | p. 12 |
| Computed Tomography (CT) | p. 13 |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 14 |
| Lower Tract Urodynamics | p. 15 |
| Simple Flowmetry | p. 17 |
| Ultrasound Cystodynamogram (USCD) | p. 18 |
| Urodynamics | p. 19 |
| Normal Videourodynamics Study | p. 20 |
| Bibliography | p. 21 |
| Congenital Anomalies of the Bladder | p. 23 |
| Absent or Congenitally Small/Large Bladder or Duplication Anomalies | p. 23 |
| Cloacogenic Bladder | p. 23 |
| Exstrophy | p. 23 |
| Congenital Bladder Diverticulum | p. 23 |
| Prune Belly Syndrome | p. 25 |
| Urachal Abnormalities | p. 25 |
| Bibliography | p. 27 |
| Intraluminal Abnormalities of the Bladder | p. 29 |
| Stones | p. 29 |
| Blood Clot or Hemorrhage | p. 30 |
| Gas in the Bladder | p. 31 |
| Foreign Bodies | p. 33 |
| Bibliography | p. 33 |
| Abnormalities of the Bladder Wall or Mural Abnormalities | p. 35 |
| Diffuse Bladder Wall Thickening | p. 35 |
| Bladder Wall Calcification | p. 35 |
| Infection | p. 36 |
| Chronic Inflammation or Infiltration | p. 38 |
| Bladder Tumors | p. 41 |
| Benign Tumors | p. 41 |
| Malignant Tumors | p. 42 |
| Bibliography | p. 46 |
| Staging of Bladder Cancer | p. 49 |
| Clinical Background | p. 49 |
| Methods of Staging of Bladder Cancer | p. 49 |
| TNM Staging Classification | p. 50 |
| Radiological Staging Modalities | p. 50 |
| Ultrasound | p. 51 |
| Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resolution Imaging | p. 51 |
| Computed Tomographic Findings | p. 52 |
| Magnetic Resonance Findings | p. 53 |
| Additional Radiologic Staging | p. 55 |
| Bibliography | p. 55 |
| Abnormal Bladder Contour or Size | p. 57 |
| Normal Bladder Shape and Size | p. 57 |
| Abnormal Size | p. 57 |
| Small Volume Bladder | p. 57 |
| Large Volume Bladder | p. 57 |
| Abnormal Bladder Shape | p. 57 |
| The Pear-Shaped Bladder | p. 58 |
| Displaced Bladder | p. 58 |
| Postoperative Bladder Appearances | p. 59 |
| Bibliography | p. 60 |
| Functional Abnormalities of the Bladder | p. 61 |
| Reduced Functional Bladder Capacity | p. 63 |
| Small Volume Bladder | p. 65 |
| Bladder Overactivity (or the Unstable Bladder or Detrusor Overactivity) | p. 65 |
| Stress and Urge Incontinence and Sphincter Incompetence | p. 66 |
| Abnormal Bladder Emptying: Bladder Outflow Obstruction | p. 69 |
| Abnormal Bladder Emptying: Poor Sphincter Relaxation | p. 71 |
| Detrusor Weakness (or Detrusor Inactivity or Failure) | p. 73 |
| Postprostate Surgery Dysfunction | p. 74 |
| The Neuropathic Bladder | p. 74 |
| Bibliography | p. 78 |
| The Urethra | p. 79 |
| The Normal Urethra | p. 81 |
| Anatomy of the Urethra | p. 81 |
| The Male Urethra | p. 81 |
| The Female Urethra | p. 82 |
| Radiological Investigation of the Urethra | p. 82 |
| Contrast Urethrography in the Male | p. 82 |
| Contrast Urethrography in the Female | p. 83 |
| Ultrasound of the Urethra | p. 84 |
| Ultrasound Urethrography in the Male | p. 84 |
| Ultrasound Urethrography in the Female | p. 85 |
| Other Imaging Modalities | p. 86 |
| Bibliography | p. 86 |
| Congenital Anomalies of the Urethra | p. 87 |
| Posterior Urethral Valves | p. 87 |
| Urethral Duplication | p. 87 |
| Congenital Meatal or Urethral Stenosis | p. 88 |
| Hypospadias | p. 88 |
| Megalourethra | p. 89 |
| Urethral Diverticulum | p. 89 |
| Cowper's Duct Cyst or Diverticulum, or A Syringocele | p. 89 |
| Bibliography | p. 91 |
| Intraluminal Abnormalities and Filling Defects of the Urethra | p. 93 |
| Calculi | p. 93 |
| Foreign Bodies | p. 93 |
| Hair Balls | p. 93 |
| Polyps of the Male Urethra | p. 94 |
| Bibliography | p. 95 |
| Intrinsic Abnormalities of the Urethral Wall | p. 97 |
| Urethritis | p. 97 |
| Urethral Strictures | p. 97 |
| Female Urethral Diverticulum | p. 98 |
| Male Urethral Diverticulum | p. 101 |
| Bibliography | p. 102 |
| Lower Urinary Tract Trauma | p. 103 |
| Bladder Trauma | p. 103 |
| Injury of the Male Urethra | p. 104 |
| Investigation of Suspected Urethral Trauma | p. 105 |
| Injury of the Female Urethra | p. 106 |
| Bibliography | p. 107 |
| Neoplasms of the Urethra | p. 109 |
| Benign Tumors | p. 109 |
| Urethral Carcinoma | p. 109 |
| Bibliography | p. 112 |
| Subject Index | p. 113 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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