J. Robert Oppenheimer A Life

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-04-01
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
List Price: $30.00

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Summary

The late Abraham Pais wrote the definitive biography of Albert Einstein, "Subtle is the Lord," which won an American Book Award. As a distinguished physicist and Einstein's colleague, Pais combined a sophisticated understanding of physics with first-hand knowledge of this notoriously private individual, offering rare insights into both. It is his unique double perspective that makes his work so valuable. Now Abraham Pais offers an illuminating portrait of another eminent colleague, J. Robert Oppenheimer, one of the most charismatic and enigmatic figures of modern physics. Pais introduces us to a precocious youth who sped through Harvard in three years, made signal contributions to quantum mechanics while in his twenties, and was instrumental in the growth of American physics in the decade before the Second World War, almost single-handedly putting American physics on the map. Pais paints a revealing portrait of Oppenheimer's life in Los Alamos, where in twenty remarkable, feverish months, under his inspired leadership, the first atomic bomb was designed and built, a success that made Oppenheimer America's most famous scientist. Pais, who was his next-door neighbor for many years, describes Oppenheimer's long tenure as Director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton, but also shows how Oppenheimer's intensity and arrogance won him powerful enemies, who would ultimately make him one of the principal victims of the Red Scare of the 1950s. Told with compassion and deep insight, J. Robert Oppenheimer is the most comprehensive biography of the great physicist available. It is Abraham Pais's final work, completed after his death by Robert P. Crease, an acclaimed historian of science in his own right.

Author Biography


Abraham Pais was Detlev W. Bronk Professor Emeritus at The Rockefeller University in New York City. A leading theoretical physicist, he was also an esteemed science writer, the author of 'Subtle is the Lord...' for which he won the American Book Award, Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World, Niels Bohr's Times, and several other books. Robert P. Crease is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, and historian at Brookhaven National Laboratory. His most recent book is The Prism and the Pendulum: The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments in Science.

Table of Contents

Foreword xiii
by Ida Nicolaisen
Preface xvii
by Robert P. Crease
Introduction xix
by Abraham Pais
CHAPTER 1 First Encounters 1(3)
CHAPTER 2 Background: Early Years 4(4)
CHAPTER 3 University Studies 8(6)
CHAPTER 4 Postdoctoral Studies 14(6)
Harvard
14(1)
Caltech
14(1)
Leiden
15(2)
Zurich
17(3)
CHAPTER 5 The California Professor as Teacher 20(4)
CHAPTER 6 The California Professor as Researcher 24(9)
More on QED
24(2)
Cosmic Rays
26(2)
Electron-Positron Theory
28(1)
Nuclear Physics
29(1)
Shower Theory
29(1)
Mesons
30(1)
Astrophysics and Cosmology
31(2)
CHAPTER 7 Oppenheimer's Opinion of His Own Teaching and Research in California 33(1)
CHAPTER 8 Personal Life in the 1930's 34(5)
CHAPTER 9 "The Shatterer of Worlds" 39(4)
CHAPTER 10 In Which Oppenheimer Enters the World Stage 43(6)
CHAPTER 11 An Atomic Scientist's Credo 49(10)
CHAPTER 12 The Institute Prior to Oppenheimer's Arrival 59(18)
The Flexner Years
69(4)
The Aydelotte Years
73(4)
CHAPTER 13 In Which Oppenheimer Is Elected Director of the Institute and Chairman of the General Advisory Committee 77(9)
CHAPTER 14 Oppenheimer's Early Years as Institute Director 86(10)
CHAPTER 15 Oppenheimer and the World of Physics: 1946-1954 96(27)
"The Great Charismatic Figure"
96(6)
Building Up Physics at the Institute
102(4)
F.J. Dyson
103(1)
C.N. Yang
104(1)
T.D. Lee
105(1)
Of Some Who Came and Some Who Went
106(4)
Hideki Yukawa
106(1)
Sin-itiro Tomonaga
106(1)
David Joseph Bohm
107(1)
John von Neumann
108(1)
Oswald Veblen
109(1)
Oppenheimer as Leader of Conferences
110(13)
Shelter Island, June 1947
110(4)
Pocono, March/April 1948
114(2)
Solvay, September/October 1948
116(1)
Old Stone, April 1949
117(1)
Rochester I, December 1950
117(1)
Rochester II (January) and III (December) 1952
118(1)
IBM, April 1953
119(2)
A Book Review, October 1953
121(1)
Japan, September 1953
121(1)
Rochester IV, January 1954
122(1)
CHAPTER 16 Further on Oppenheimer the Man 123(21)
Los Alamos Vignettes
123(11)
Robert Wilson
123(2)
Hans Bethe
125(1)
Edward Teller
126(3)
Enrico Fermi
129(1)
Richard Feynman
130(1)
Luis Alvarez
130(1)
Robert Serber
130(1)
Niels Bohr
131(3)
Young Wives' Tales
134(2)
Elsie McMillan
134(1)
Bernice Brode
134(2)
Robert Oppenheimer
136(3)
More Personal Recollections
139(5)
CHAPTER 17 Atomic Politics in the Early Postwar Years 144(19)
1945-1946
144(2)
October 3,1945
144(1)
August 1,1946
144(1)
October 1946
145
December 1946
143(3)
The Acheson-Lilienthal Plan
146(5)
The Baruch Plan
151(4)
1946 as the Highest Point of Oppenheimer's Political Contributions
155(2)
Oppenheimer's Public Expressions on Atomic Policy: 1947-1948
157(6)
CHAPTER 18 Of the First Serious Enemies and of the First Russian A-Bomb 163(5)
In Which the First Clouds Appear
163(3)
The First Soviet A-Bomb
166(2)
CHAPTER 19 Of the Superbomb and of Spy Stories 168(15)
Varia: 1947-1949
168(3)
Shall the United States Develop the Super?
171(6)
Emil Klaus Julius Fuchs et al.
177(6)
CHAPTER 20 The New Super 183(10)
The Teller-Ulam Invention
183(4)
Oppenheimer's Views on the Super
187(1)
Oppenheimer's Participation in Panels: 1950-1953
188(3)
The Long Range Objectives Panel
188(1)
Project Gabriel
189(1)
Project Charles
189(1)
Project Vista
189(1)
Project Lincoln
190(1)
1952: Oppenheimer Leaves the General Advisory Committee
191(2)
CHAPTER 21 Atomic Politics in the Early 1950's 193(9)
The Doctrine of Massive Retaliation
193(1)
Operation Candor
194(2)
The Opening Salvos of the Attackers
196(6)
May 1953
197(1)
June 5, 1953
198(1)
June 20, 1953
198(1)
July 3, 1953
198(1)
July 7, 1953
198(1)
July 1953
198(1)
August 1953
198(1)
August 20, 1953
198(1)
November 12, 1953
198(3)
November 1953
201(1)
November-December 1953
201(1)
CHAPTER 22 In Which the Excrement Hits the Ventilator 202(12)
The Oppenheimer-Strauss Meeting, December 1953
202(2)
Eisenhower Erects a "Blank Wall"
204(4)
Preparations for the Hearings
208(4)
Oppenheimer and McCarthy
212(2)
CHAPTER 23 In Which the News of the Hearings Is Made Public 214(13)
How Einstein and I First Heard
214(2)
First Newspaper Comments
216(11)
Supplemental Material by Robert P. Crease
CHAPTER 24 "Open Book": The Hearing in the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer 227(32)
The Hearing: April 12—May 6, 1954
232(18)
Findings, Appeal, Decision: May 17—June 29
250(9)
CHAPTER 25 No Final Judgment 259(13)
First Judgments
259(5)
Post-Mortems
264(1)
Cultural Judgments
265(3)
The Sense of Tragedy
268(4)
CHAPTER 26 Insider in Exile 272(28)
Institute Director
273(5)
Science Impresario
278(7)
Speaker and Author
285(7)
St. John
292(3)
Rehabilitation and Retirement
295(5)
CHAPTER 27 Cloaked Mountain Peak 300(11)
Notes 311(24)
Principal Sources Used 335(2)
Index 337

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